Exam 3

Question 1

Charlie Parker

Answer 1

Most gifted bebop alto sax player
Influenced by Lester Young, Buster Smith
Played with Jay McShann

Question 2

Who did Charlie Parker Play with?

Answer 2

Jay McShann

Question 3

Dizzy Gillepsie

Answer 3

Definitive bop trumpet player
Played for Calloway Orchestra
Wide range, great speed, harmonic variety
Influenced by Roy Eldridge
Pioneered Afro-Cuban influence in Jazz

Question 4

Who Pioneered afro-cuban influence in jazz?

Answer 4

Dizzy Gillepsie

Question 5

Who was the definitive bop trumpet player?

Answer 5

Dizzy Gillepsie

Question 6

Who was the definitive alto sax player?

Answer 6

Charlie Parker

Question 7

Who was the house pianist at Minton’s?

Answer 7

Thelonious Monk

Question 8

Bud Powell

Answer 8

Definitive bop pianist

left handed comping style

Question 9

Kenny Clarke

Answer 9

Definitive bebop drummer
Kept time on the ride cymbal
“Dropping bombs” with the base drum

Question 10

Who was the house drummer at Minton’s?

Answer 10

Kenny Clarke

Question 11

Who was the house drummer at Monroe’s Uptown House?

Answer 11

Max Roach

Question 12

Fats Navarro

Answer 12

Bebop trumpeter
Fuller sound, but less rhythmic variety than Gillespie
Creator of perfectly balanced and posed melodic improvisations

Question 13

Sonny Stitt

Answer 13

Bop saxophonist

Rhythmically less complex than Parker

Question 14

Dexter Gordon

Answer 14

first bebop tenor sax

Played behind the beat and had a warm sound

Question 15

Who was the first bebop tenor sax player?

Answer 15

Dexter Gordon

Question 16

J.J Johnson

Answer 16

Definitive bop trombonist
One of the great jazz composers
played vibrato-less

Question 17

Who was the definitive bop trombonist?

Answer 17

J.J. Johnson

Question 18

Billie Holiday

Answer 18

No scat singing
Little use of vibrato
Paraphrased melodies of popular tunes
Limited Vocal Range

Question 19

Ella Fitzgerald

Answer 19

Wide vocal range
heavy use of scatting
Began her career with Chick Webb

Question 20

Who did Ella Fitzgerald begin her career with?

Answer 20

Chick Webb

Question 21

Art Tatum

Answer 21

Piano Player
Known for his fast playing style
Advanced use of harmonics

Question 22

Nat “King” Cole

Answer 22

One of the first pianist to use comping patterns in his left hand

Question 23

Roy Eldridge

Answer 23

Most influential trumpeter of the 30’s
Wide range
Played in Fletcher Henderson’s band

Question 24

Who was the most influential trumpeter of the 1930’s?

Answer 24

Roy Eldridge

Question 25

Django Reinhardt

Answer 25

Belgian gypsy guitarist BEst known for recordings with the Quintette of the Hot Club of France Dramatic use of vibrato First European musician to significantly influence American Jazz

Question 26

Who did Django record with?

Answer 26

Quintette of the Hot Club of France

Question 27

Charlie Christian

Answer 27

Most influential of all early electric jazz guitarist Influenced by blues and country Regular at Minton jam sessions

Question 28

Who was Charlie Christian discovered by>

Answer 28

John Hammond

Question 29

Who was the most influential of all early electric jazz guitarist?

Answer 29

Charlie Christian

Question 30

What led to the downfall of big bands?

Answer 30

War -The draft took musicians -Price of gas and rubber made it more expensive to travel AFM banned big bands from recording which led to a rise in popularity of vocalist Social -Racial tensions in the south led to many musicians quitting -Black big bands weren't afforded a prime time radio spot or a hotel gig, so they had to travel continuously

Question 31

Catalyst for Change

Answer 31

- New Concepts of harmony - advanced reharmonization techniques and chord types - New rhythmic concepts for soloist (8 notes, unusual accents - new concepts in rhythm section (comping, feathering, flat walking four) - Minimal vibrato (Lester Young, B. Holiday) - New standards for melodic coherence at fast tempos

Question 32

Which two people were responsible for minimizing the use of vibrato?

Answer 32

Lester Young and Billie Holiday

Question 33

Who played for the Billiy Eckstine Orchestra?

Answer 33

Charlie Parker, Dexter Gordon, Sonny Stitt, Gene Ammons, Dizzy Gillespie, fats Navarro, Art Blakey, and Sarah Vaughan