Exam 3 Flashcards
Patriarchy
A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line
Hegemonic masculinity
The condition in which men are dominant and privileged, and this dominance and privilege is invisible, A type of complete dominance of a group of people that it goes unnoticed by the people who are dominated
How did females become a minority group?
Through the establishment of patriarchy (human reproduction, hand to hand combat, continuing dominance)
Feminism
A consciousness raising movement to get people to understand that gender is an organizing principle of life
First wave
Right to vote; 19th amendment, also dealing with property rights
Second wave
Focusing on equality and anti-discrimination, equal pay in the workplace
Third wave
Focus of problems of women in least industrialized nations; challenge gender roles and sexuality. A period of political activism that sought to expand civil rights and social equality for women
Fourth wave
A feminist movement that began around 2012 and is characterized by a focus on the empowerment of women, the use of internet tools, and intersectionality. The fourth wave seeks greater gender equality by focusing on gendered norms and the marginalization of women in society
Women’s suffrage
the right of women to vote in elections
Anti-suffragists
Argued that most women did not want the vote
“The feminine mystique”
in which she explicitly objected to the mainstream media image of women, stating that placing women at home limited their possibilities, and wasted talent and potential, The book identified the systemic sexism that conditioned women to believe their place was in the home and gave women permission to be angry at a world that suppressed their creative and intellectual freedom
The third wave (S)
Influenced by the postmodernist movement in the academy, third wave feminist sought to question, reclaim, and redefine the ideas, words, and media that have transmitted ideas about women hood, gender beauty, sexuality, femininity, and masculinity, among other things
Fourth-wave feminism (S)
The rise of fourth-wave feminism parallels the rise of social media platforms such as Twitter, created in 2006
Who is closely related to the psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
The Psychoanalytic Theory
the personality theory, which is based on the notion that an individual gets motivated more by unseen forces that are controlled by the conscious and the rational thought
Sigmund Freud opinion on gender
says girls and boys develop masculine and feminine personality structures through early interactions with their parents
Nancy Chodorow
Mothering by women is reproduced in a cycle of role socialization, in which little girls learn to identify as mothers and little boys as fathers
Narcissistic object attachment (associated with which sociologist)
Chodorow argues that mothers experience their daughters as their “doubles”
Parson’s sex role theory (associated with which main three theory group)
Men and women perform their sex roles as breadwinners and wives/mothers, respectively, because the nuclear family is the ideal arrangement in modern societies fulfilling the function of reproducing workers (functionalists)
The social construction of sexuality
refers to the way in which socially created definitions a bit the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior shape the way people see and experience sexuality
Race
A group of people who share a set of characteristics - typically but not always, physical ones - and are said to share a common bloodline
Ontological equality
The philosophical and religious notion that all people are created equal
Ethnicity
The shared social, cultural, and historical experiences, stemming from common national or regional backgrounds, that make subgroups of a population different from one another
Symbolic ethnicity
A nationality; not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but of identifying with a past or future identity
How is race and ethnicity ascribed?
Race is ascribed to an individuals on the basis of physical traits, ethnicity is more frequently chosen by the individual
Prejudice
An attitude, a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgements about whole categories of people, and about individual members of those categories because of their perceived race and/or ethnicity
Racism
The belief that a race is inferior to another
Eugenics
Controlling the fertility of population could influence inheritable traits passed on from generation to generation, a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
Minority group
People who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
