Exam 3

Question 1

What is a motor unit?

Answer 1

one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it

Question 2

Where fine control is needed we have _____ motor units. In the muscles of eye movement, for example, each neuron controls only ____ to ____ muscle fibers.

Answer 2

small, 3, 6

Question 3

What mineral is necessary for the myosin-actin cross bridges to bind together for contraction to occur?

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

Skeletal muscle is ________, _______ muscle attached to one or more bones.

Answer 4

voluntary, striated

Question 5

Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. True or False?

Answer 5

False. Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Cardiac (Heart Muscle) is involuntary.

Question 6

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a _______.

Answer 6

tendon

Question 7

A skeletal muscle is composed not only of muscular tissue, but also of fibrous connective tissue: the ________ that surrounds each muscle fiber, the _______ that bundles muscle fibers together into fascicles, and the _______ that encloses the entire muscle. These connective tissues are continuous with the collagen fibers of ______ and those, in turn, with the collagen of the bone matrix.

Answer 7

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, tendons

Question 8

Muscle fibers have multiple flattened or sausage-shaped ______ pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma. Their unusual _________ condition results from their embryonic development - several stem cells called myoblasts fuse to produce each muscle fiber, with each myoblast contributing a ______ to the mature cells.

Answer 8

nuclei, multinuclear, nucleus

Question 9

________ and _______ are called contractile proteins they do the work of shortening the muscle fiber. They are responsible for muscle ________.

Answer 9

Myosin, actin, interaction

Question 10

The effect produced by a muscle, whether it is to produce or prevent a movement, is called its _____.

Answer 10

action

Question 11

The _____ _____ (______) is the muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action.

Answer 11

prime mover (agonist)

Question 12

A _______ is a muscle that aids the prime mover.

Answer 12

synergist

Question 13

An _______ is a muscle that opposes the prime mover.

Answer 13

antagonist

Question 14

A _______ is a muscle that prevents a bone from moving.

Answer 14

fixator

Question 15

Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the transversospinalis muscles during extension of the vertebral column?

Answer 15

rectus abdominis

Question 16

The theory that explains how muscle fibers contract is called ______ ______ theory.

Answer 16

sliding filament

Question 17

Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have:

Answer 17

a rich vascular supply

Question 18

What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?

Answer 18

antagonists

Question 19

Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles during shoulder abduction?

Answer 19

synergists

Question 20

A baseball pitcher who injures one of his SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?

Answer 20

supraspinatus

Question 21

which muscle is a synergist with teres minor in lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Answer 21

infraspinatus

Question 22

What action can you ask your parter to perform at the shoulder in order to contract the deltoid?

Answer 22

Abduction

Question 23

Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the trapezius will create what movements of the head and neck?

Answer 23

extension

Question 24

To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle?

Answer 24

Trapezius

Question 25

what is the shared attachment site for three out of four rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 25

greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 26

which rotator cuff muscle creates shoulder abduction?

Answer 26

supraspinatus

Question 27

Rhomboids are superficial to the erector spinae and deep to the ___?

Answer 27

Trapezius (upper body)

Question 28

What action can you ask your partner to perform to enable you to feel the levator scapula contract?

Answer 28

shoulder shrugs

Question 29

Which head of the biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove?

Answer 29

Long Head of the Bicep

Question 30

Which movement would contract the fibers of the biceps brachii?

Answer 30

Elbow flexion

Question 31

Which muscle is a strong elbow flexor located deep to the biceps brachii?

Answer 31

brachialis

Question 32

Which muscle runs between the pisiform and the medical epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 32

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 33

To access the supinator you must palpate deep to which muscle group A.Forearm extensors B.Forearm flexors

Answer 33

A.Forearm extensors

Question 34

The ___ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

Answer 34

B) suprasternal notch

Question 35

_____________ do(does) not belong to the pectoral girdle.

Answer 35

The sacroiliac joint

Question 36

You cannot palpate the ________________ on a living person.

Answer 36

medial surface of the fibula.

Question 37

The acromion is a feature of the?

Answer 37

scapula

Question 38

The sciatic notch does not belong to the femur. True or False?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What structure in the knee prevents hyperextension?

Answer 39

the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 40

What bony tuberosity are you sitting on?

Answer 40

Ischial tuberosity

Question 41

The distal end of the tibia articulates with the talus. True or False?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is the heel bone called?

Answer 42

Calcaneus

Question 43

What is another name for the first great toe?

Answer 43

Hallux/Hallucis

Question 44

There are eight carpal bones, and their names are: | What is the pneumonic for this?

Answer 44

scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum, pisiform/trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. Some lovers try positions that they can't handle.

Question 45

The ulnar nerve enters the palm via the ____ __ _____.

Answer 45

hook of hamate

Question 46

The ankle joint is most unstable in _____ _____.

Answer 46

plantar flexion

Question 47

The bones is the _____ include the radius.

Answer 47

forearm

Question 48

Nerve root entrapment of C5 and C6 might cause weakness in which muscle?

Answer 48

Biceps Brachii

Question 49

Pronator teres hypertonicity may entrap which nerve?

Answer 49

Median Nerve

Question 50

The Terrible Triad of O'Donoghue is a torn ___, ____, and a torn ____ ____.

Answer 50

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

Question 51

The _______ ______ is a large superficial vein that travels down the entire length of the medial thigh and lower leg?

Answer 51

great saphenous

Question 52

Supraspinatus tendonitis may also inflame which structure?

Answer 52

Subacromial bursa

Question 53

which structure in the knee prevents side to side deviation of the medial side?

Answer 53

The Medial Collateral Ligament

Question 54

Sciatic Nerve (L4-S2) exits out of the:

Answer 54

greater sciatic notch (aka sciatic notch)

Question 55

Which bone forms the apex of the longitudinal arch?

Answer 55

Navicular

Question 56

Each adult pelvis is made up of what 3 bones?

Answer 56

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 57

What is the bony landmark distal to the patella?

Answer 57

Tibial tuberosity

Question 58

Which connective tissue structure connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 58

Patellar ligament

Question 59

What can be palpated by following the superior portion of the ilium from the ASIS to the PSIS?

Answer 59

iliac crest

Question 60

The most common injuries to the knee are the ____ and _____.

Answer 60

meniscus and ACL

Question 61

The triceps are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 61

the radial nerve

Question 62

A cyclist complains of numbness in her hypothenar eminence and 4th and 5th fingers after riding all day. What nerve is being entrapped?

Answer 62

ulnar nerve

Question 63

Which muscle group can be found along the thigh’s anterior and lateral surfaces?

Answer 63

Quadriceps

Question 64

Which muscle acts as an antagonist to ilio-psoas during flexion of the hip?

Answer 64

Gluteus maximus

Question 65

Which movement is created by all muscles of the quadriceps group?

Answer 65

Extension of the knee

Question 66

What attachment site do all the hamstrings have in common?

Answer 66

Ischial tuberosity

Question 67

Of the gluteal muscles, which is the most posterior and superficial?

Answer 67

Gluteus maximus

Question 68

Which tight band of connective tissue can be isolate just lateral to the distal biceps femoris tendon?

Answer 68

Iliotibial tract

Question 69

Which three tendons blend together to become the pes anserinus tendon?

Answer 69

Semitendinous, gracilis, sartorius

Question 70

The lateral rotators of the hip share a common attachment on or very near which bony landmark?

Answer 70

Greater trochanter

Question 71

Which muscle lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and can compress the nerve if over-contracted?

Answer 71

Piriformis

Question 72

Along the ankle’s dorsal surface, the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior both loop underneath which band of connective tissue?

Answer 72

Extensor retinaculum

Question 73

The pectoralis major inserts on the:

Answer 73

crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 74

A maximally stretched muscle will have____ contraction power since the actin and myosin filaments: ____ _____ ____.

Answer 74

less, cannot adequately interact

Question 75

Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine transmit chemical messages at the neuromuscular junctions. True or False?

Answer 75

True