Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

gero > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

sentinel events

A

involves injury or death. an event that should never happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why are falls the leading cause of illness and death in older population

A

they are more likely to cause other issues, such as pneuminia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do falls lead to

A

hip fx
TBI
fallphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nursing sensitive quality indicator

A

Looks at what nurse could have done better, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fall risk factors

A

Often multifocal
* Intrinsic- in the person there self
* Changes in vision and hearing
Unsteady gait
* Acute or Chronic Illness
* Medication side effects
* Toileting urgency
* Extrinsic
* Environmental issues
○ Flooring
○ Handrails
○ Lighting
○ Siderail use
* Inappropriate footwear
* Inadequate assistive devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

factors that could lead to gait disturbances

A

arthritis
diabetes
dementia
parkinsons
stroke
alcoholism
vitamin D deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

foot derformites that could lead to falls

A

corns and bunions
overgrown toenails
uneven distribution of weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

from change in position, BP drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

postprandial hypotension

A

BP drops after meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

proprioception

A

bodys sense to feel that you are moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cognitive impairment increases fall risk

A

dementia and delerium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vision changes and falls

A

Decreased visual field
Decreased acuity
Reduced contrast sensitivity- not seeing light and dark as much, looks more grey
cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

medication that can decrease visual feils and cause imbalance that can lead to falls

A

non mitotic glaucoma meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

on hendrich II fall risk, what risk factors are the highest

A

confusion/disorientation
unable to rise without assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

morse fall factors

A

history of falling
secondary dx
ambulatory aid
IV/hep lock
Gait
mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

exercise for balance

A

tai chi or yoga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why can canes cause falls

A

Could cause issues if don’t know how to use properly due to false security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

physical restraint

A

reduces ability of the patient to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chemical restraint

A

can restrict/manage client behavior or movement

typically a drug/med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bed rails

A

all 4 being up is considered a restraint, you need a order for this.

this could increase fall risk as patients try to get around them such as a obstacle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are restraints associated with

A

higher death rates
falls
nosocomial infections
incontinence
contractures
pressure ulcer
agitation/depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is temp monitoring influenced by

A

neurosensory changes
meds
economic, behavioral, environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hyperthermia risk factors

A

Diuretic use
insufficient fluid intake
Diabetes, Cardiac and Vascular conditions
meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypothermia risk factors

A

surgery
certain meds
inadequate housing
poor nutrition
excessive alcohol use
cardiac/resp/muscskel impairments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
most common method of older adult suicide in men
guns
25
telehealth benefits
Reduced costs Reduced travel Promotes self-management Decreased hospital readmissions
26
chronic illness trajectory- 8 phases
1. Pretrajectory - Before the illness 2. Trajectory - Signs & Symptoms present 3. Crisis - Life-threatening situation 4. Acute - Active illness 5. Stable - Controlled illness 6. Unstable - Symptoms not controlled 7. Downward - Progressive decline - increasing disability 8. Dying - Active decline - period preceding death
27
chronic illness
6 months or more occurs and progresses slowly 2 out of 3 older americans have multiple chronic conditions
28
most common chronic illness
hypertension affects more than 50% of older adults
29
consequences of chronic illness
physical suffering loss worry grief depression functional impairment increased dependence
30
goals for pts w/ chronic illness
maximize function and improve quality of life
31
pain
subjective sensation of physical, psychological, or spiritual distress tolerance varies
32
barriers to pain management
attitudes of healthcare workers compliance with taking analgesic prescriptions cost of meds brushing it off as old age
33
OLDCART
Onset Location Duration Characteristics aggravating factors releiving factors treatment
34
PAINAD (Advanced Dementia)
to assess pain in dementia pts * Negative vocalization * Facial expression * Body language * Consolability
35
nonpharm pain management
TENS unit acupunture touch distraction relaxation, meditation and imagery pain clinics
36
pharm pain management
tylenol is first line approach. NSAIDs have higher risk of adverse effects opioids- use w caution. monitor safety adjuvant- increases effectiveness of analgesics. affective for neuropathic pain
37
leading causes of vision impairments in geriatrics
cataracts glaucoma diabetic retinopathy age related macular degeneration
38
cataracts
clouding of lens 2 types- nuclear (most common, age related), and cortical (from UV light) treated with surgery- replacement of intraocular lens
39
cataract s/s
need for more intense light when reading cloud/blurred vision poor night vision glare
40
nursing consideration after cataract surgery
Avoid heavy lifting Wear glasses or protective lenses Administer eye drops - keep moist to heal and prevent infection
41
glaucoma
Increased pressure within the eye leads to Optic Nerve damage 2 main types- open angle, angle closure treated by meds or eye drops to lower pressure, laser surgery
42
open angle vs angle closure glaucoma
open angle- most common, effects peripheral vision first. develops slowly and is treatable. high risk groups- htn, diabetes, family hx, corticosteroid use angle closure- aqueous humor doesnt drain, increases pressure. medical emergency. can lead to blindness in days more common in those with smaller eyes
43
s/s of open angle glaucoma
headaches increased sensitivity to glare tired eyes fixed, dilated pupil frequent changes in prescriptions poor vision in dim lightening
43
s/s of angle closure glaucoma
redness and pain in and around eye severe headaches n/v blurred vision
44
screening for glaucoma
annual eye exam in those 65 and above eye exam for those with controlled glaucoma every 6 months annual eye exam for those with family hx at age 40
45
diabetic retinopathy
leading cause of blindness in US Complication of diabetes blood and lipid leakage leads to macular edema and hard exudate has no symptoms in early stage *must have strict blood glucose control to reduce progression Possible laser treatment can reduce vision loss
46
screening for diabetic retinopathy
annual dilated fundoscopic eye exam should occur yearly at diagnosis of type 2, and begin 5 years after diagnosis of type 1
47
diabetic macular edema
thickening of the center of the retina leading cause of legal blindness
48
detached retina
med emergency can occur spontaneously, after recent cataract, or injury "curtain coming down" in vision treated with surgery
49
macular degeneration
Leading cause of vision loss in 60 years and older damage to CENTRAL PART OF RETINA 2 types: dry age related, neovascular (wet) age is greatest risk factor causes progressive loss of central vision, leaving only peripheral intact. screen with amsler grid
50
dry AMD vs neovascular (wet) AMD
dry- more common. occurs more slowly, no leakage from vessels neovascular- abnormal blood vessels behind retina start to grow under the macula. rapid, severe loss of central vision. may lead to legal blindness in 2 years
51
macular degeneration s/s
progressive loss of central vision, blurry spots in middle of vision, increased need for bright light, dim/gray color
52
macular degen tx
photodynamic therapy laser photocoagulation anti-VEGF therapy
53
dry eye causes and tx
causes- antihistamines, diuretics, beta blockers, sleeping pils tx by artificial tears, saline gel use home humidifier
54
how to reduce glare
yellow-amber sunglass lenses
55
risk factors for hearing impairment
noise exposure ear infections smoking chronic disease- diabetes, CKD Medications- aspirin, tylenol, NSAID
56
conductive hearing loss
involves external and middle ear most common cause- cerumen impaction. treated with ear canal irrigation other causes are tumors/growths, infection, fluid, otosclerosis
57
sensorineural hearing loss
involves inner ear could be presbycusis or noise induced
58
tinnitus
ringing in ear occurs when no external sound is present may be constant or intermittent risk factors- caffeine, cigarettes, fatigue, stress, meds (salicylates, NSAID, tylenol)
59
interventions for hearing loss
* Hearing aids * Cochlear implants * Assistive devices * When providing teaching pause and verify understanding so you know they got it
60
hypothyroidism
most common thyroid disorder in elderly. slow onset s/s-gait disturbance, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation treatment is to slowly replace thyroxine myxedema coma could occur
61
hyperthyroidism
may have sudden onset caused by graves, iodine ingestion, amiodarone, levothyroxine s/s- afib, heart failure, diarrhea, anorexia, heat intolerance apathetic thyrotoxicosis could occur
62
type 1 DM vs type 2 DM
type 1=body unable to produce insulin type 2- body doesn't make enough insulin
63
How is diabetes dx
*2 FPG readings over 126 mg/dL hgb a1c over 6.5%
64
non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors of dm
Nonmodifiable - 45 age and above, 1st degree relative, previous gestational diabetes, hx of cardiovascular disease, atypical antipsychotics and glucocorticoids Modifiable- high BP, overweight, undesirable lipid counts, inactivity
65
S/S DM
May be difficult to diagnose in the elderly Signs & Symptoms * 3 Ps ○ Polyuria ○ Polydipsia Polyphagia- cells think they are starving Early warnings Dehydration- urinating more trying to get rid of extra sugar * Confusion Vague symptoms * Fatigue * Nausea * Delayed wound healing * Paresthesia- numbness and tingling
66
cardiovascular risk factors
poor diet smoking alcohol use high cholesterol
67
DM care
Goal is self-management Medications * Insulin * Metformin (first line therapy) Foot care monitor for signs & Symptoms of hyper and hypoglycemia Appropriate diet * decreased carbohydrates- crackers, potatoes, sugary items, pasta, white rice, corn, bread Daily exercise- needs to be on a consistent basis
68
hypo vs hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia symptoms- sweating, tingling, fatigue Hyperglycemia symptoms- thirsty, polyuria, jittery, fruity breath, confusion, warm
69
osteoporosis
Loss of bone density Diagnosed by DEXA scan *teaching * Increase weight-bearing activities * Increase calcium intake * Stop smoking * Encourage home safety ○ Decrease throw rugs and clutter * Medications- calcium, vitamin D
70
foods to increase calcium
dairy, Chinese garbage, tofu, soy milk, OJ, cheese pizza, green leafy veggies, tortilla , cooked soy beans, salmon, almonds, breads and cereals that are fortified with calcium
71
arthritis
most common cause of disability in US more common in women above age 45 4 types osteoarthritis polymyalgia rheumatica rheumatoid arthritis gout
72
osteoarthritis
Most common type of arthritis Degenerative joint disorder Causes stiffness and pain which is relieved within 20 mins of movement * Bone spurs * Joint instability * Narrowing joint spaces * Crepitus Common locations= Knee, Hands, Hips, Feet
73
rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic, systemic, inflammatory joint disease Autoimmune disease Occurs in small joints * wrist, knee, ankle, and hand Symptoms * Generalized fatigue * Malaise * Unexplained fever May lead to systemic problems
74
polymyalgia rheumatica
common inflammatory disease with unknown cause develops slowly see stiffening and pain begining in upper body, pain, low grade fever pain is worse at night and in early morning usually no joint inflammation
75
giant cell artesis
may occur with polymyalgia rheumatica acute inflammation of arteries in scalp of temporal area could lead to stroke treated by high dose steroids
76
gout
Inflammatory arthritis *Accumulation of uric acid crystals Risk factors * Alcohol use * High blood pressure * Diet high in purine (Meats, Anchovies, Sardines, Alcohol) Treatment * Avoid high purine foods and beverages * Corticosteroids * Colchicine

gero (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions