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RELS 327 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Traditions of Tibetan Buddhism

A

all orders empathize importance of overcoming attachment to Samsara, follow Mula-Sarvastivada monastic code, differentiated by importance on specific texts, place names or oral interpretations of text though particular master, Nyingma + Kagyu + Sakya + Gelukpa

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2
Q

Basis, Path, Result

A

common assumption of the lineages and institutions, outline of the path, all follow Mahayana-bodhisattvayana, Madhyamaka philosophy of Nagarjuna, synthesis of sutra and tantra systems, basis/path/result/method continuum

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3
Q

Lineage and institutions

A

orders and schools = cho lug
lineage = gyupa
lineage of attainment = drub gyu
schools of thought = drup-ta

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4
Q

Lineage of teaching

A

from Atisha to Dromdon, Gelukpa teachings, transmission lineage, divided into sutra, tantra and mind transmission (yogas)

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5
Q

school of thought

A

drup-ta, Theravada, Mahayana, Tantric, Zen

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6
Q

guru-yoga

A

guru more important than the historical Buddha, cultivate perspective to view ones mind as indivisible from one’s teacher and mediation deity, heart of the Tibetan Buddhist practice, visualization of the merit field, embodiment of all teachers and enlightened qualities

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7
Q

Nyingmapa

A

Old / ancient Translation, school of the ancient ones, Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) and Shantaraksita, hidden treasures Terma and treasure finders Terton, system of 9 vehicles, emphasis on Dzogchen, begins with Samantbhadra

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8
Q

hidden treasure

A

Terma, transmission lineage, guru (Padmasambhava), great perfection, great compassionate one (Avalokitesvara), material + mind + earth + water, time release system, Dakini language, texts, instructions, images, anything worthy of preservation

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9
Q

Jigmey Lingpa (1729-1798)

A

Tibetan Tertön of Nyingma lineage, heart essence teaching

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10
Q

Nyingama lineage figures

A

Vimalamitra, Vairocana (both early lineage), Padhmasambhava, Madarava, Yeshe Tsogyal

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11
Q

Dzogchen

A

great perfection/completion, root Lama = Longchen Rabjampa, highest of all Buddhist practice, direct exercise of nature of the mind, appearance and emptiness are inseparable and interpenetrate, union of luminosity and emptiness, unmodified awareness, natural effortless and spontaneously present, Tathagatagarbha is basis, unobstructed, universal, compassionate manifestation

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12
Q

rig pa

A

pure awareness

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13
Q

Kagyu

A

teaching lineage, Mahamudra teaching (the great seal), lineage begins from Vajradhara, 4 great and 8 lesser schools

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14
Q

Tilopa

A

guru of Kargyu, tests fitness for teachings and emphasizes strict obedience to teacher

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15
Q

Naropa

A

Dakini urges Naropa to seek Tilopa as a Guru leaving the Nalanda monastery, your body deserves to be broken since you believe in I, guru of Kargyu

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16
Q

Marpa Chogi Lodro

A

studied in India with Naropa (main disciple), returned and practiced with wife, Marpa asks Milarepa to build and destroy tower to purify his negative karma (E=circle, W=half-moon, N=triangle, S=square mandala of world continents, first Tibetan member of Mar lineage, practice of Cakrasamvara, awakening equivalent to Vajradhara

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17
Q

Milarepa

A

retreated to mountains after receiving teachings with Marpa (his main disciple) after purifying his karma, advised laity and monks, 100 000 songs, taught Gampopa (founded first Kagyu monasteries-combined Milarepa and Marpas teachings/ways), Tshurpu 1st monastery to adopt succession by reincarnated teachers, Dakinis gave first Karmapa a black hat made from their hair, continues today

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18
Q

6 yogas of Naropa

A

inner heat, illusory body, dream yoga, clear light, intermediate state, consciousness transference

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19
Q

Chö

A

cutting off, also means dharma, meditative technique to help people eliminate attachment to the ego

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20
Q

Sakya

A

grey earth, Khon Bargye, Gunga Gyeltsen Bel Sangpo or Sakya Pandita = the scholars of the Sakyas, Guru: Virupa (drinking song), Lama: Sakya Pandita, emphasized path and result teachings (lamdre), practiced Hevajra tantra, oral teachings passed down to Konchok Gyalpo (built 1st Sakya monastery), divided into 2 subjects: Ngorpa and Tsarpa

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21
Q

Gunga Nyinpo (1092-1158)

A

son of Konchok Gyalpo, in 18 year retreat received transmission from Virupa and wrote down Vajra verses on path and fruit, incarnation of Manjusri

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22
Q

separation from the 4 attachments

A

Sakya doctrine, separation from life (dharma practitioner), existence (renunciation), own interests (mind of enlightenment), position (correct view

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23
Q

Sakya Pandita Gunga Gyeltsen (1182-1251)

A

scholar of sakyas, study of Abhidharma and epistemology, debate victory over Vedanta, birth accompanied by auspicious signs, head of Sakya lineage after Drakpa Gyeltsen
treasures of the knowledge of valid cognition, treasury of well spoken jewels, differentiation of the 3 vows, pratimoksa, bodhisattva, tantric, entrance to noble scholarship,

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24
Q

patron-priest relation

A

Drakpa Gyeltsen (prophesized a meeting between Sakya and Mongols before death), met with Gowan at 62 (cured of illness and became disciple of Sakya, decided not to invade Tibet)

25
Q

path and result (fruit)

A

Lamdre, path including its fruit, oral lineage history, scriptural basis=Hevajra tantra, essential instructions + consecration + diligent practice (preliminaries), 4 primary practices (correct view of emptiness, mediation practice, ritual practice, accomplishment), samsara and nirvana originate in the mind,

26
Q

triple appearance and triple continuum

A

basis - path - fruit
continuum: 2 truths - method and wisdom - pure vision
appearance: appearances - experience in mediation - pure appearance
ordinary impure aspect - meditative, cultivation, love, emptiness, etc. - buddhahood

27
Q

Gelukpa

A

emphasized Lam Rim teachings, Gelug: guru is Anisha, Lama is Tsong Khapa, founded in the area of Lhasa, monastic university on mountain called the joyous (way) but is now called virtuous way, students built 2 other large universities Deprung and Sera, becomes important political force, 5th Dalai Lama assumed power as head of government with help of Guthrie khan, lineage maintained until Chinese takeover, dominant mode of religious education and cultural force in large area

28
Q

Tsong Khapa

A

founder of Gelukpa school (lama), crystal rosary and Shakyamuni Buddha (second buddha), blended theory and practice, the great clarifier, embodiment of manjusri (bodhisattva of wisdom), performed 4 great deeds (refurbishing Maitreya image, teaching monastic discipline, establishing great prayer festival in Lhasa, founding of Ganden (=tusita, heavenly realm, joyous way) monastery

29
Q

the Dalai Lama

A

oceanic spiritual leader, title given by Mongols

30
Q

Lam rim

A

stages of the path to Buddhahood, Tibetans believe this represents a lineage traced to Sakyamuni Buddha, lam = path, path of liberation, clear realization, mother, vehicle, rim = stages or gradual progress, one advances by progressive progress, essence of Buddhist teachings, Hinayana not considered a school
geluk discourse: huston of exoteric and esoteric buddhist teachings, combination of Mahayana traditions, Asante, nagarjuna

31
Q

4 great facets of Lam Rim

A

doctrines of the Buddha are non-contradictory, all teachings can be taken as advice, meaning and intent is easily found, automatically refrain from great wrongdoing

32
Q

Sonam Gyatsho

A

3rd Dalai Lama, founded Namgyul Dratsang Personal monastery, established Kumbum monastery, birthplace is largest monastery in Eastern Tibet, placenta buried - grew into tree with Tibetan letters engraved in leaves

33
Q

the vast and profound lineages

A

monastic, Mahayana, Tantric

34
Q

Altan Khan

A

sea of virtue title (Dalai Lama) given by Mongol prince, converted Mongols to the reformed Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism

35
Q

the 3 types of persons (3 levels of motivation)

A

person of: initial spiritual scope (higher rebirth), medium spiritual scope (escape from samsara, nirvana is peace), superior spiritual scope (omniscient Buddhahood), students guide by means of stages, combines training to develop complete spiritual qualities

36
Q

Atisa

A

sri dipamkarajnana (jowowey), the noble incomparable lord, prince in west bengal, arrival in 1042 marks beginning of second dissemination in Tibet at 60, influential on all later schools, direct followers establish Kadam school, main disciple Lama Drontompa, lamp for the path to awakening (basis of Lam Rim), died in sNye thang after 13 years and lineage went to Dromdon and was split into 3, tantra can only be practiced by the virtuous, virtue comes through keeping ones vows,

37
Q

precious human rebirth

A

freedom from birth
10 endowments: born as a human being, born in a land with strong spiritual culture, having a well functioning body and mind, not having committed nay of the 5 heinous crimes, having interest in spiritual development, environmental, an enlightened being has manifested, that being has taught the path, followers of this lineage still exist, compassionate assistance of others

38
Q

Mon-lam chen-mo

A

festival also known as the great prayer festival, on the 4th-11th day of the 1st Tibetan month

39
Q

Saga Dawa

A

Sakya month, the 15th of April, a reference to the Buddha epithet Sakyamuni (Sage of the Sakyas), was born, attained enlightenment and died on this day, saga = 4th, dawa = month

40
Q

Mani-khorlo

A

prayer when in Buddhism

41
Q

Buddha-essence

A

Tathagatgarbha: all sentient beings possess Buddha essence, Buddha in Tibetan = Sang-gyey, sang ba indicates purification, gyey = expansion of wisdom to limits of existence, most subtle level of consciousness

42
Q

awakening mind

A

bodhicitta

43
Q

Tonglen

A

giving and taking

44
Q

6 perfections

A

generosity, ethics, patience, effort, concentration, wisdom

45
Q

Tantra

A

refers to systems of practice and meditation derived from esoteric texts emphasizing cognitive transformation through visualization, symbols and rituals

46
Q

Sagjang

A

accumulation and purification

47
Q

treasure finders/discoverers

A

Tertön, terma discoverers, bodhisattavsa, emanations of Padmasambhava

48
Q

Primordial Buddha

A

Samantrabhadra, awakened truth body that is beginning less and endless

49
Q

Garap Dorje

A

visionary emanation body who spreads transmission

50
Q

9 vehicles

A

sravakas, pratyekabuddha, buddha, action, performance, yoga, mahayoga, anuyoga, atiyoga
vehicle, tantra, yoga, perfection

51
Q

Great Perfection in practice

A

preliminaries: refuge, prostration, offerings, purifications
cutting through, all surpassing realization, result is rainbow body

52
Q

Nonsectarian Movement

A

Rime (nonsectarian), late 19th century movement among non-Gelukpa, universalist approach to Buddhist teachings, not a distinct school with fixed doctrines

53
Q

teaching lineage

A

Marpa, Milarepa, emphasis on Mahamudra, sub-school Karma instituted the system of recognizing reincarnations

54
Q

sarma

A

new translation, word used to describe 3 main schools of tibetan Buddhism,

55
Q

Mahamudra

A

great seal, direct personal realization of reality (kagyu), 3 aspects: basis, path, fruit, actualization of potential of the mind for buddhahood, calming abiding and special insight, overcome 4 faults to reality of mind, (too close, too profound, too easy, too excellent), supranormal powers, simplicity, one taste, beyond meditation, union of appearance and emptiness, essence of all Buddhist teachings, most rapid of all paths to awakening

56
Q

Kadam tradition

A

founded by Aristarchus transmitted to disciple Dromdon, emphasized monastic discipline, study and practice of compassion, forerunner of Gelupa school

57
Q

Tsong Khapas 3 important pathways

A

wrote at age 41, emphasis on renunciation, need renunciation + awakening of the mind (resolve for awakening of others) + wisdom

58
Q

Dakini

A

aid process of discovery and interpreting terma, terma written in dakini language only deciphered by the Dakini

59
Q

Vajradhara

A

teachings considered superior to Sakyamuni since he is a complete enjoyment body while the historical Buddha is only an emanation (Kagyu)

RELS 327 (3 decks)

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