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Zoology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

Phyla, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthopods (65 cards)

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1
Q

What organisms are in phylum Mollusca

A

Snails, nudibranchs, squids, clams

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2
Q

What are the three main body parts that make up a mollusc

A

Head/Foot region, Radula, and the mantle

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3
Q

What are the 8 classes of Mollusca

A

Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda

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4
Q

What is the radula

A

It is a common feature shared across Mollusca, it is a tongue like organ with sandpaper like teeth

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5
Q

What is the shell composition of the phylum Mollusca

A

The shells are made out of calcium carbonate

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6
Q

What are the main members of the Gastropoda class

A

Snail, limpets, abalones, conchs, sea angels, periwinkles, sea slug, sea hares

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7
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Gastropoda class

A

presence of a shell, foot, radula

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8
Q

What are the main reproduction strategies employed by the Gastropoda class

A

Most are hermaphrodites and perform internal fertilization with complex mating rituals.

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics of Bivalvia

A

Sessile, hinge jointed shell, filter feeders

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10
Q

What are the main members of Bivalvia

A

Mussels, clam, scallops, oyster, shipworms

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11
Q

What are the main reproduction strategies for Bivalvia

A

eggs are fertilized externally, free swimming larva have to settle on substrate to become adults

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12
Q

What are main characteristics Cephalopoda class

A

Complex anatomy, pen (heavily reduced ancestral shell)

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13
Q

What are the main members of the Cephalopoda class

A

squids, octopuses, nautiluses, devilfish, cuttlefish, ammonoids

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14
Q

Why are the members of the Cephalopoda class considered the smartest of the invertebrates

A

They have been able to solve very complex puzzles and have a very large brain for an invertebrate

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15
Q

What system of blood flow to Cephalopods have

A

They have a closed circulatory system with three hearts

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16
Q

What are the three class in Phylum Annelida

A

Oligochaeta - Earthworms
Hirundinida -Leeches
Polychaetes -Marine worms

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17
Q

What are the main characteristics in the phylum Annelida

A

There are no over arching feature to connect all the members of the phyla. But there are some common one bilateral, triploblastic development (real coelom) setae present.

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18
Q

What are the common characteristics of the Polychaetes

A

They are marine worms

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19
Q

What are the common characteristics of the Oligochaeteta

A

Mostly terrestrial worms. Small setae cover their bodies

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20
Q

What are the main characteristics of the clade Ecdysozoa

A

the clade is defined by having a cuticle, and molting said cuticle

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21
Q

What are tagmata in the arthropod phylum

A

Tagmata are separated or fused body parts of the phylum. Typically head, thorax and abdomen.

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22
Q

What is Ecydsis

A

It is the process of shedding the cuticle in Arthropods

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23
Q

What is the exoskeleton composed of

A

Chitin(polysaccharide), protein, lipid

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24
Q

What are the differences between Uniramous vs biramous

A

Uniarmous leg plans end in one point. Biarmous legs end in two points

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25
What are mandibles and what class do they belong too
They are moving mouth parts made for chewing. They belong to the hexapods
26
What are Chelicera and what class do they belong too
They are mouth parts. They belong to the chelicerates
27
How is the phylum Nematoda defined
Triploblastic bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelomates Cylindrical in shape Flexible with unique body wall muscles Lack cilia
28
How do nematods move
They move threw hydrostatic pressure that is built up in the pseudocoel of the worm
29
What organs in the nematods take up most of their body
Their reproductive organs
30
How is the sub-phylum Chelicerta defined
Two tagmata body plan Four pairs of walking legs no antennae suck liquid food out of their prey
31
What are the classes in Chelicerta
Pycnogonida (sea spider), Merostomata (horse shoe crab), Arachnids (spider, mites, tics, scorpions)
32
How is the sub-phylum Myriapoda defined
2 pairs or 1 pair of legs on each body segment pair of mandibles pair of antennae ocelli eyes pair of malpighian tubules empty into the hind part of the intestine
33
How is the sub-phylum hexapoda defined
6 legs all uniramous 3 body segments (tagmata) appendages attach to head and thorax abdominal appendages greatly reduced or lost
34
What are the 2 classes within hexapoda
Entognatha -spring tails, Insecta- everything else
35
What are the sclerites
The plates in hexapods exoskeleton
36
What are the 3 major types of strategies used for development
1) Ametabolous (direct) 2)Demimetabolous (incomplete) 3)Holometabolous (complete)
37
What are the two classes in Crustacea
Malacostraca (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, etc..), Brachiopoda (water fleas, etc...)
37
How is the sub-phlyum crustacea defined
Two pairs of antennae one pair of mandibles one pair of apendages on each segment biarmous leg plan
38
What is the operculum
A hard part of a gastropod's body that is used to completely seal the creature into its shell.
39
What are their larva considered (Mollusca)
Trochophore free swimming larva
40
Which class in Mollusca does not have radulas
Bivalvia they filter feed on their gills
41
What is the umbo in the bivalves
The umbo is the oldest part of the shell
42
What is the pen in squids
The pen is the reduced shell from having shelled ancestors
43
Why is the current taxonomy of Annelida debated
Their is none unifying characteristics to link all organism in the phylum together.
44
What are the commony know members of each of the Annelida old classes (now clades)
Oligochaeteta- Earthworms Hirundinida- leechs Polychaetes- Marine worms
45
Which class(old) of Annelida only consists of 34 segments
Hirundinida -leeches
46
What is the pygidum
Annelida anus
47
What are the two sphere shaped organs behind the seminal vesicles in earth worms.
The crop and the gizzard
48
What extremely large clade are nematodes in
Ecdysozoa
49
Why are the nematodes in Ecdysozoa
They having a non-living cuticle that they need to shed in order to grow
50
What are the four steps that roundworms (Ascaris) need to do to reach sexually maturity
1) Eggs are laid in soil then a human eats a contaminated crop 2)Infective juveniles burrow through the skin to the blood 3)Then they reach the lungs 4)They then reach the intestines to mature and pass their eggs through the host feces
51
How do nematodes move
hydrostatic skeleton
52
What is a disease that a nematode infection can cause if it redirects a muscle gene, to trick the hosts nurse cells to nourish the nematodes
Trichinosis
53
Is a nematode's cuticle living or non-living
non-living
54
What is the clade called that has phyla echinodermata and hemichordata
Ambulacraria
55
What are the characteristics in Echinodermata
They have a water vascular system Pentaradial symmetry Endoskeleton of large plates or small scattered ossicles Pedicellaria (Tiny pinchers on surface)
56
Why are the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata in the same clade Ambulacraria
They share similar larval forms suggesting common ancestry Filtering structure called an axial complex
57
What are the 5 classes in Echinodermata
>Asteroidea - sea stars >Ophiuroidea - brittle stars >Holothuroidea -sea cucumbers >Echinoidea - sea urchins >Crinoidea -feather stars + sea lilies
58
What are the 3 parts of the body in the phylum Hemichordata
The proboscis, collar, trunk
59
What is the unique anatomy characteristics that the phylum Echinoderms present
Ambulara- radiating grooves where podia of the water vascular system characteristically Ambulacral area- runs from the mouth on the oral side of each arm to the tip of the arm Tube feet- Numerous small, muscular fluid-filled tubes projecting from an echinoderm Madreporite- seivelike structure providing the intake for the water vascular system Axial complex- A press-filtering system for circulatory fluids in echinoderm
60
What is the special about Echinoderm's larval forms
They are bilateral with a head end
61
What are the characteristics in Echinoidea
Compact body enclosed in an endoskeletal shell (called a test) Lack arms Have tube feet
62
What are the characteristics in Holothuroidea
Greatly elongated in the oral aboral axis Ossicles are reduced in most Soft bodied Can self eviscerate in defense
63
What are the characteristics in Crinoids
Stalked body Leathery skin called tegmen No madreporite
64
What are the 2 classes found in the phylum Hemichordata
Enterpneusta (acorn worm) Pterobranchia

Zoology (8 decks)

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