exam 3

Question 1

Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?

Decreased renal clearance
Slowing of drug absorption
Liver impairment
All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:

Weight of 2.1 kg
Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin
Infants normally rapidly adapt by initiating active respiration
4-6 months for the infants body weight to double

Answer 2

Weight of 2.1 kg

Question 3

Which of these statements are true.

Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
All of these statements are true

Answer 3

All of these statements are true

Question 4

Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?

Calcium
Testosterone
ANAs
Aldosterone

Answer 4

ANAs

Question 5

It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.

True
False

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?

Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Respiratory distress syndrome
Hyperammoneima caused by liver disease
Hyperventilation

Answer 6

Anoxia and trauma during delivery

Question 7

Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?

Creatinine
Ammonia
Uric acid levels
Total immunoglobulins

Answer 7

Ammonia

Question 8

What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)

Sample should always be keep on ice
Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
Should be processed on large automation
Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss

Answer 8

Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss

Question 9

Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?

The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid
Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations
Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins dues to mixing with interstitial fluid

Answer 9

The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical

Question 10

Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.

True
False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Match the porphyria with its symptom type. (answers may be used more than once)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) Neuropsychiatric
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) Neuropsychiatric
Variegate porphyria (VP) Neuropsychiatric
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) Neuropsychiatric

Answer 11

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) Neuropsychiatric
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) Cutaneous
Variegate porphyria (VP) Neuropsychiatric
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) Cutaneous

Question 12

Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.

Can be caused by liver disease and heavy metal poisoning
Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
Not due to an inherited defect in heme synthesis

Answer 12

Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins

Question 13

Match the word to the definition that best defines it.

Porphyrias A group of rare disorders that result from
disturbances in heme synthesis
Hemoglobinopathies Disorders that have qualitative defects in
the hemoglobin molecule
Myoglobin A simple heme protein found in cardiac and
skeletal muscles
Thalassemias Quantitative defects in the production of
hemoglobin molecules
Heme The prosthetic group of hemoglobin
esponsible for binding oxygen

Answer 13

Porphyrias A group of rare disorders that result from
disturbances in heme synthesis
Hemoglobinopathies Disorders that have qualitative defects in
the hemoglobin molecule
Myoglobin A simple heme protein found in cardiac and
skeletal muscles
Thalassemias Quantitative defects in the production of
hemoglobin molecules
Heme The prosthetic group of hemoglobin
esponsible for binding oxygen

Question 14

The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutes present in that particular porphyrin compound.

True
False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?

3
4
6
10

Answer 15

4

Question 16

This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.

Calcium
Iron
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

Answer 16

Iron

Question 17

Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?

Hereditary coproporphyria
Congenital erythroportic porphyria
Erythroportic porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda

Answer 17

Hereditary coproporphyria

Question 18

Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?

Caraway test
Gutman test
Jendreassik-Grok test
Watson-Schwartz test

Answer 18

Watson-Schwartz test

Question 19

The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:

Amino acid deletions
Elongated hemoglobin chains
Fused or hybrid chains
Amino acid substitutions

Answer 19

Amino acid substitutions

Question 20

Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.

Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin F

Answer 20

Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin A

Question 21

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Insulin

Answer 21

Secretin

Question 22

If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.

Head
Body
Neck
Tail

Answer 22

Tail

Question 23

Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?

It is clear, colorless, and watery
It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
It maintains an alkaline pH
It has the same concentration of potassium and sodium as serum

Answer 23

It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid

Question 24

The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:

Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Ghrelin
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hormone

Answer 24

Cholecystokinin

Question 25

The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon. True False

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a: 12-stool collection 24-hour stool collection 48-hour stool collection 72-hour stool collection

Answer 26

72-hour stool collection

Question 27

In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased. True False

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together True False

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes. Alpha Insulin Beta Glucagon Delta Somatostatin Gamma Ghrelin Epsilon Pancreatic polypeptide hormones

Answer 29

Alpha Glucagon Beta Insulin Delta Somatostatin Gamma Pancreatic polypeptide hormones Epsilon Ghrelin

Question 30

The Acinar cells produce hormones in the pancreas. True False

Answer 30

False

Question 31

This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Fecal Fat--Sudan staining Fecal chymotrypsin Fecal elastase-1 Cholecystokinin

Answer 31

Fecal elastase-1

Question 32

There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it. True False

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Match the term with the description. Marasmus A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories Kwashiorkor A diet deficient in protein and calories

Answer 33

Marasmus A diet deficient in protein and calories Kwashiorkor A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories

Question 34

Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity. True False

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Which of these vitamins is water soluble? Select all correct answers Vitamin B6 Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin K

Answer 35

Vitamin B6 Vitamin C

Question 36

This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays. Vitamin A (retinol) Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin C Vitamin B7 (biotin)

Answer 36

Vitamin B7 (biotin)

Question 37

Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia. Folate Vitamin D Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12

Answer 37

Vitamin B12 Folate

Question 38

Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity. True False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see: Transferrin increased, Ferritin decreased, % saturation decreased, TIBC increased Iron overdose Iron deficiency Malnutrition Chronic infection

Answer 39

Iron deficiency

Question 40

Match the term with its description. TIBC The major iron storage protein for the body Ferritin The Fe3+ bound to transferrin Transferrin The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated Serum iron The primary plasma iron transport protein

Answer 40

TIBC The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated Ferritin The major iron storage protein for the body Transferrin The primary plasma iron transport protein Serum iron The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

Question 41

Match the terms and their definitions. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample

Answer 41

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase

Question 42

This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine. Copper Aluminum Cadmium Arsenic

Answer 42

Aluminum

Question 43

An employee at a local glass blowing and manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected? Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Selenium

Answer 43

Manganese

Question 44

Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Zinc Selenium Copper Molybdenum

Answer 44

Selenium

Question 45

This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin. Chromium Cadmium Copper Aluminum

Answer 45

Chromium