Exam 3 Flashcards by Ashelynn Birch

In keeping with the ALARA concept, most health care facilities issue dosimetry devices when personnel could receive approx ____ of the annual occupational EfD limit in any month, or approx 0.5 mSv (50 mrem)
A. 25%
B. 10%
C. 5%
D. 1%

D. 1%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the OSL dosimeter?
1. aluminium
2. tin
3. copper

1, 2, and 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diagnostic imaging personnel should wear a personnel dosimeter during routine operations in an imaging facility because the device provides:
1. an indication of an individual’s working habits
2. an indication of working conditions in the facility
3. a way for the employer to determine whether radiation workers are actively engaged in performing a specific number of x-ray procedures during a given period

1 and 2 only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After processing, if the average OSL control monitor reading is greater than zero, it indicates:
A. sensitivity of the radiographic film in the dosimeter
B. the presence of impurities in the LiF crystals
C. that the associated group dosimeters may have been exposed to radiation in transit
D. whether filters in the associated group dosimeters are working correctly

C. that the associated group dosimeters may have been exposed to radiation in transit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following imaging professionals most commonly wear TLD ring dosimeters?
A. computed radiography technologists
B. radiographers performing routine imaging in a department
C. nuclear medicine technologists
D. radiographers performing C-arm fluoroscopic procedures in the operating room

C. nuclear medicine technologists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following instruments should be used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low-level radioactive contamination?
A. ionization chamber-type survey meter
B. proportional counter
C. GM detector
D. DIS dosimeters

B. proportional counter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following devices is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation to which a TLD ring dosimeter has been exposed by first heating the crystals to free the trapped, highly energized electrons and then recording the amount of light emitted by the crystals (which is proportional to the TLD ring dosimeter exposure)?
A. small ionization chamber
B. laser
C. TLD analyzer
D. sensitometer

C. TLD analyzer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In a health care facility, a radiographer’s deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposures, as measured by an exposure monitor, may be found on the:
A. compliance report
B. quality assurance report
C. personnel monitoring report
D. worker’s yearly evaluation

C. personnel monitoring report

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each filter in an OSL dosimeter blocks a portion of the radiation-sensitive aluminum oxide and causes a different degree of attenuation for any radiation striking the dosimeter, depending on its:
A. effective atomic number
B. energy
C. light frequency
D. pitch

B. energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which of the following personnel monitoring devices resembles a flash drive in appearance?
A. personnel DIS dosimeter
B. optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
C. thermoluminescent dosimeter
D. TLD ring dosimeter

A. personnel DIS dosimeter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

radiation survey instruments measure which of the following?
1. the total quantity of electrical charge resulting from ionization of the gas
2. the rate at which an electrical charge is produced
3. luminescence

1 and 2 only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do ionization chamber-type survey meters, proportional counters, and GM meters have in common?
A. the measure x-radiation and beta radiation only
B. they all can be used to calibrate radiographic and fluoroscopic x-ray equipment
C. they are all used to measure only the radiation dose received outside of protective barriers
D. each contains a gas-filled chamber

D. each contains a gas-filled chamber

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following radiation monitors is currently the most commonly used dosimeter for monitoring whole body occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy?
A. personnel direct ion dosimeter
B. TLD ring dosimeter
C. TLD
D. OSL

D. OSL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following are disadvantages of the TLD ring dosimeter?
1. Thermoluminescence readings will be lost if not carefully recorded
2. calibrated dosimeters must be prepared beforehand and read with each group of TLD dosimeters as they are processed
3. The readout process destroys information stored in the TLD, thus preventing the “read” TLD from serving as a permanent legal record of exposure

1, 2, and 3 only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The DIS dosimeter is readout through a:
A. Physical device such as a universal serial bus (USB) or via wireless connection and the data stored electronically at the facility
B. TLD analyzer
C. Monitoring company to which the dosimeters are sent by regular mail
D. darkroom hand-processing procedure

A. Physical device such as a universal serial bus (USB) or via wireless connection and the data stored electronically at the facility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The OSL dosimeter uses:
A. An Al2O3 thin layer detector
B. LiF as a sensing material
C. a miniature ionization chamber as a detector
D. radiation dosimetry film as a detector

A. An Al2O3 thin layer detector

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ionization chamber-type survey meter measures x-radiation and gamma radiation, and, if equipped with a suitable window, can also record:
A. cell phone conversations
B. alpha radiation
C. beta radiation
D. internet websites

C. beta radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Monitoring companies send a control monitor to health care facilities along with each batch of dosimeters. The control monitor should be:
A. Given as a monitor to a radiographer who has lost his or her original dosimeter
B. Given as a second monitor to a pregnant radiographer
C. Given as a second monitor to a non-pregnant radiographer working in the operating room
D. Kept in a radiation-free area within the imaging facility

D. Kept in a radiation-free area within the imaging facility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dosimeter readings that exceed a trigger level set by the health care facility are investigated to:
A. ascertain the cause of the reading
B. determine whether wearing the dosimeter was actually necessary
C. find grounds to fire the radiographer
D. increase the workload of the RSO to justify his or her position

A. ascertain the cause of the reading

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The TLD readout process:
A. destroys the information stored in the TLD
B. saves the information stored in the TLD for future use
C. transfers the information from the TLD to a computer, which reads the dosimeter
D. duplicates the stored information and sends a written report directly to the radiographer

A. destroys the information stored in the TLD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An ionization chamber-type survey meter is also referred to as a:
A. cutie pie
B. flux capacitor
C. little rascal
D. warp drive

A. cutie pie

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The increased sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low-radiation environments and for:
A. area monitoring of radioisotope storage facilities
B. monitoring of patients with a radioactive implant
C. monitoring of pregnant workers
D. general patient and public monitoring

C. monitoring of pregnant workers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The RSO in a health care facility receives and reviews personnel monitoring reports to:
A. assess compliance with ALARA guidelines
B. assess compliance with National Academy of Sciences guidelines
C. gather information to compile a press report
D. meet guidelines established by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)

A. assess compliance with ALARA guidelines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the:
A. RSO
B. manager or director of the imaging department
C. chief radiologist
D. individual wearing the device

D. individual wearing the device

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

on termination of employment, a radiographer must receive a copy of: A. all personal health care records kept by the employer B. his or her occupational exposure report C. all employment records D. incident reports in which the radiographer was involved

B. his or her occupational exposure report

personnel dosimeters protect the wearer from exposure to ionizing radiation true or false

false

wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the individual wearing the device true or false

true

during lengthy interventional fluoroscopic procedures some health care facilities may prefer to have some diagnostic imaging personnel wear two separate monitoring devices true or false

true

cost is not a factor for health care facilities in selecting personnel dosimeters true or false

false

the DIS dosimeter does not provide an instantaneous readout of dose information by the device wearer via a cell phone application true or false

false

an ionization chamber-type survey meter cannot be used to measure exposures produced by typical diagnostic procedures because the exposure times are too long to permit the meter to respond appropriately true or false

false

when a laser light is incident on the sensing material in the OSL dosimeter, the material becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received by the detector true or false

true

with an OSL in-house reader, occupational exposure doses can be determined on the day of occurrence true or false

true

all radiation survey meters are equally sensitive in the detection of ionizing radiation true or false

false

the ionization chamber-type meter is used for radiation protection surveys true or false

true

an OSL dosimeter can only be worn for a period of 1 month true or false

false

in health care facilities that have a well structured radiation safety program, personnel monitoring reports are received and reviewed by the RSO true or false

true

a personnel dosimeter must be able to detect and record both small and large exposures in a consistent and reliable manner true or false

true

the filters in an OSL dosimeter are made of lead, potassium iodide, and zinc true or false

false (aluminum, copper, tin)

ionizing radiation causes some of the physical properties of the LiF crystals in the TLD ring dosimeter to undergo changes true or false

true

when changing employment, the radiation worker must convey the data pertinent to his or her accumulated permanent equivalent dose to the new employer so that this information can be placed on file true or false

true

results from personnel monitoring reports once reviewed by the facility’s RSO can be discarded true or false

false

in the rate mode, the cutie pie can measure radiation intensities ranging from 10 to several thousand microgray per hour true or false

true

the GM survey meter is likely to saturate or jam when it is place in a pulsed high intensity radiation area thereby yielding a false reading true or false

true

commercially available lead aprons typically have either 2.5- or 3.25-mm lead equivalent shielding true or false

false

humidity, pressure, and normal temperature changes do not affect TLDs true or false

true

personnel dosimeter should be reasonably inexpensive to purchase and maintain true or false

true

health care facilities must maintain a record of exposure recorded by personnel dosimeters as part of each radiation worker’s employment record true or false

true

area monitoring can be accomplished through the use of radiation surgery instruments true or false

true

control monitors serve as a basis for comparison with the remaining OSL dosimeters after they have been returned to the monitoring company for processing true or false

true

in humans, approx how many genes are contained in all 46 chromosomes A. 300 B. 3000 C. 30,000 D. 300,000

C. 30,000

the nucleolus contains which of the following A. centrioles and mitochondria B. ribonucleic acid and proteins C. ribosomes and golgi bodies D. lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

B. ribonucleic acid and proteins

in the human cell, protein synthesis occurs in which of the following locations? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. endoplasmic reticulum

C. ribosomes

interphase consists of which of the following phases? A. M, G1, and S B. G1, S, and G2 C. S, G2, and M D. G2, M, and G1

B. G1, S, and G2

carbohydrates also may be referred to as: A. lipids B. nucleic acids C. hormones D. saccharides

D. saccharides

DNA regulates cellular activity indirectly by transmitting its genetic code information outside the cell nucleus by reproducing itself into the form of ___________ A. messenger DNA B. messenger RNA C. messenger REM D. transfer RNA

B. messenger RNA

human cells contains which four major organic compounds? A. nucleic acids, water, protein, and mineral salts B. mineral salts, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins C. carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and water D. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

D. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

which of the following is a process of reduction cell division? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. molecular synthesis D. amniocentesis

B. meiosis

which of the following cellular organelles functions as a cellular garbage disposal? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondria C. lysosomes D. ribosomes

C. lysosomes

which is the following functions as a barricade to protect cellular contents from their environment and controls the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell? A. centrosomes B. cell membrane C. endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria

B. cell membrane

which of the following are functions of the cell membrane? 1. protecting the contents of the cell from the outside environment 2. controlling the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell 3. allowing penetration by all substances into the cell

1 and 2 only

lipids are also referred to as: A. amino acids B. carbohydrates C. fats D. sugars

C. fats

the primary energy source for the cell is: A. amino acids B. glucose C. protein D. phosphate

B. glucose

cytosine bonds only with which of the following nitrogenous organic bases? A. adenine B. guanine C. thymine D. uracil

B. guanine

which of the following statements is not true? A. lysosomes are sometimes referred to as “suicide bags.” B. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential for sustaining life C. the golgi apparatus or complex is the powerhouse of the cell D. the nucleus is the “heart” of the cell

C. the golgi apparatus or complex is the powerhouse of the cell

when ionizing radiation is used for therapeutic purposes to destroy malignant cells, a very significant effort using to the latest advances in imaging and computer treatment planning algorithms is always made to minimize the absorbed dose to healthy surrounding tissue. in radiation therapy, this concept is referred to as a(n): A. enzyme repair effect B. therapeutic ratio C. tissue tolerance effect D. malignant cell annihilation effect

B. therapeutic ratio

twenty-two different _______ _______ are involved in protein synthesis A. amino acids B. antibodies C. enzymes D. hormones

A. amino acids

the process of locating and identifying the genes in the human genome is called: A. gene detecting B. gene extrapolation C. gene tracking D. mapping

D. mapping

approx 80% to 85% of the weight of the human body is: A. bone B. fat like substances C. mineral salts D. water

D. water

meiosis is the process of: A. converting inorganic substances into organic substances B. identifying genes in the human genome C. reduction cell division D. repairing breaks in DNA

C. reduction cell division

water performs which of the following functions in the human body? 1. maintains a constant core temperature of 98.6°F (37°C) 2. acts as a solvent, keeping compounds dissolved so they can more easily interact and their concentration be regulated 3. lubricates both the digestive system and the skeletal articulations (joints)

1, 2, and 3

which of the following is of primary importance in maintaining adequate amounts of intracellular fluid? A. deoxyribose B. glucose C. potassium D. ribose

C. potassium

the S phase of mitosis is the: A. pre-DNA synthesis B. actual DNA synthesis period C. post-DNA synthesis phase D. phase when DNA synthesis multiplies by a factor of 4

B. actual DNA synthesis period

when a cell divides, the genetic-containing material contracts into tiny rod-shaped bodies called: A. golgi apparatus B. chromosomes C. mitochondria D. nucleotides

B. chromosomes

nitrogenous base pairs form the: A. hormones needed by various endocrine glands in the body B. mitotic spindle C. steps, or rings, of the DNA ladder-like structure D. sugars the body needs for energy

C. steps, or rings, of the DNA ladder-like structure

cells are engaged in an ongoing process of obtaining energy and converting it to support their vital functions true or false

true

depending on the cell type, water normally accounts for 25% to 35% of protoplasm true or false

false

enzymatic proteins (enzymes) moderate or control the cell’s various physiological activities true or false

true

although the skin of the body is the initial barrier to any outside invasion by pathogens or the like, once it has been penetrated, the body’s primary defense mechanism against infection and diseases are the hormones that chemically attack any foreign invaders true or false

false

lipids are organic macromolecules true or false

true

oxygen bonds attach the nitrogenous bases to each other and join the two side tails of the DNA ladder true or false

false

a normal human being has 46 different chromosomes composed of 23 pairs in each somatic (non-reproductive) cell true or false

true

taken as a whole genes control the formation of proteins in every cell through the intricate process of parentally shared genetic coding true or false

true

all cellular metabolic functions occur in the nucleus true or false

false

centrosomes are located in the center of the cell near the nucleus true or false

true

chromosomes are composed of protein and the genetic material DNA true or false

true

messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers its genetic code to another kind of RNA molecule, called transfer RNA (tRNA) true or false

true

the cell membrane is a very thick structure encasing and surrounding the human cell true or false

false

metabolism is the breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones true or false

true

water is responsible for maintaining a constant body core temperature of 37°C true or false

true

approx 30,000 genes are contained in all 46 human chromosomes true or false

true

radiation induced damage to chromosomes may be evaluated during telophase true or false

false (they are evaluated during metaphase)

water lubricates the digestive system true or false

true

ATP is essential for sustaining life true or false

true

sodium (Na) is the primary energy source for the human cell true or false

false

the types of proteins that any given cell contains determine the characteristics, or genetics, of that cell true or false

true

cells are the basic units of all living matter, but they are not essential for life true or false

false

proper cell function enables the body as a whole to maintain homeostasis, or equilibrium true or false

true

lipids contains the most carbon of all the organic compounds true or false

false

although carbohydrates are found throughout the body, they are most abundant in the spleen and nervous tissue true or false

false (they are most abundant in the liver and muscle tissue)

Exam 3 Flashcards

(100 cards)