Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patient Evaluation > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Before getting an ABG on a pt what steps should one take

A

Review chart for physician’s orders
Check on pt’s condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Modified Allen’s test show

A

Clotting ability and collateral circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Arteriotomy

A

Sample obtained by insertion of needle into a major artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name some sites where one can obtain an ABG

A

Radial
Dorsalis pedis
Bronchial
Femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between arterial and venous

A

Arterial - provides more info regarding oxygenation and acid-base balance
Provides info on lung function and the adequacy of CO2 removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long should you apply pressure for after ABG

A

Until it stops bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Formation of an abnormal clot within the vessel which can lead to cessation of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Hemorrhage

A

Pt’s on anticoagulation medications or low platelet count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define hematoma

A

Leakage of blood into the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which population are at a higher risk of getting hematoma’s and why

A

Elderly
due to lack of sufficient elastic tissues to seal the puncture sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Described as secondary reflex to pain

A

Arteriospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reflects the lung’s ability to transfer O2 from the inspired gas into the circulating blood

A

PaO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PaO2 depends on

A

O2 concentration
Barometric P
Lung function
Age
Prescence of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal range for PaO2 on RA

A

80-100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the formula used to calculate PAO2(alveolar air equation)

A

PAO2= FiO2(pB-pH2O)-(PaCO2* 1.25) or
paCO2 / 0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Defined as below normal regardless of FiO2, less than 80 mmHg

A

Hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygenation of the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification of hypoxemia:(less than 60 years of age)
40-59 mmHg

A

Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Classification of hypoxemia:(less than 60 years of age)
< 40 mmHg

A

Severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Classification of hypoxemia:(less than 60 years of age)
60-79 mmHg

A

Mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if PaO2 is <60 mmHg at any age it is defined as

A

hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If paO2 is < 40 mmHg at any age it is defined as

A

Severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name some causes of hypoxemia

A

V/Q mismatch
Hypoventilation
Pulmonary shunting
Diffusion defect
Breathing in gas with a low FiO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Described as abnormalities in the lung structure that slow diffusion of O2 thru ACM, resulting in hypoxemia

A

Diffusion defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diffusion defect respond well to O2 therapy(true or false)
True
26
What is the normal alveolar-arterial O2 difference (PA-aO2 /A -aDO2)
10-15 mmHg on RA
27
How can you estimate the patient's A.a
0.3 * pt. age in years
28
When does V/Q mismatch happen
occurs when inhaled gas does not match with lung perfusion
29
It is the most common cause of hypoxemia in cases of respiratory disease
V/Q mismatch
30
Define deadspace ventilation
Ventilation in excess of perfusion
31
Define shunt
Perfusion without ventilation or in excess of ventilation
32
Whats the normal for V/Q
0.8
33
If V/Q is greater than 0.8 it is considered
Deadspace
34
If V/Q is less than 0.8 it is considered to be
Shunting
35
Perfusion in excess of ventilation is caused from
Atelectasis
36
Ventilation in excess of perfusion is caused from
Pulmonary emboli
37
Define venous admixture
Deoxygenated venous mixing with oxygenated arterial in turn reducing paO2
38
Define O2 saturation
Amount of O2 Hb carries in a given volume of blood
39
What does O2 saturation depend on
Hb concentration
40
If a patient was in a fire accident which device would obtain a true saO2
Co-oximeter
40
True or false PaO2 is a calculated value
False SaO2 is a calculated value
41
What is the normal anatomic shunt (in %)
3%
42
What is the normal Hb with O2
97%
43
Relationship between the paO2 and saO2 can be demonstrated by the
Oxyhemoglobin curve
44
Where is 2,3 DPG found in
Erythrocytes
45
What's the purpose of 2,3 DPG
Aids in reducing the affinity of O2 and releasing it to the cells
46
What causes an increase in 2,3 DPG level(right shift)
Strenuous exercises(enhances unloading of O2) Anemia Hypoxemia associated with COPD
47
What causes a left shift(decrease) in 2,3 DPG level
Septic shock(bacterial infection in lung) Stored blood( eg. for transfusion) Fetal blood
48
True or false The oxyhemoglobin curve has a linear relationship
False It has no linear relationship
49
Are there minimal or significant changes in saO2 when the paO2 changes above 80mmHg
Minimal changes in saO2
50
Are there minimal or significant changes in saO2 when the paO2 changes below 80mmHg
Significant changes in saO2
51
When the curve shifts to the left what happens
There is easier binding of O2 to hgb. Higher SaO2 for a given PaO2
52
When the curve shifts to the right. What happens
Decreased O2 affinity for Hgb. Lower saO2 for a given PaO2
53
Whats the affinity for CO to bind to Hgb
240 X
54
When CO binds to Hgb, shift curve to which side
To the left
55
True or false A pt can be hypoxic even with a normal PO2
True
56
Fetal curve shifted to the ------facilitates uptake of O2 by placenta at very low pO2(27 mmHg)
Fetal curve to the Left
57
It is the measurement of PO2 at 50% Hb saturation
P-50
58
What is the normal value for P-50
27 mmHg
59
What is the most sensitive indicator of a curve
P-50
60
What other factors can lead the P-50 to shift
PH, Temp PCO2
61
When there is low P-50 and the graph shifts to the -------there is a ----------affinity
Left shift High affinity
62
When there is high P-50 and the graph shifts to the -------there is a ----------affinity
Right shift Low affinity
63
What is the normal CaO2 value
16-20 Ml/dl
64
Consists of ------and --------dissolved in the plasma
O2 bound Hgb O2 physically
65
True or False; CaO2 significantly influence tissue oxygenation
True
66
What is the greatest factor effect content in CaO2
hgb
67
Formula for CaO2
1.34 * Hb * SaO2 ( ml/ dl)
68
If hgb is not normal is the pt still considered
Hypoxic
69
Normal PVO2 value
35 - 45 mmHg
70
What is considered a good representation of tissue oxygenation
PVO2
71
A true sample of the tissue oxygenation is obtained from
Pulmonary artery
72
O2 delivery is a function of
Cardiac output and CaO2
73
Why is PVO2 a good indicator for hypoxia
Because it is a reflection of the interaction of the pulmonary and CV system
74
What does venous provides information on
The balance of O2 supply and demand
75
If CO is low with constant O2 extraction
Low PVO2 below normal
76
If CO is high with constant O2 extarction
High PVO2
77
What is the normal (C(a-v)O2)
3.5 -5.0 vol%
78
What is (C(a-v)O2) used as an indicator for
Cardiac output
79
What (C(a-v)O2) provide an estimation of
Tissue perfusion (CO) and Oxygenation
80
Formula for QT HINT: QT is CO
VO2( Consumption of O2 ) / C(a-v) O2
81
Increased C(a-v) O2 (8 vol%) =
Reduced QT, ( constant VO2)
82
Decreased C(a-v) O2(3 vol%)
Increase QT (Constant VO2)
83
What is the formula for CaO2
1.34 *Hb *saO2 + 0.003 * paO2
84
What is the formula for svO2
1.34 * Hb * svO2 + 0.003 * pvO2
85
What are the units for both SaO2 & SVO2
Vol %
86
Normal Carboxyhemoglobin(
< 3%
87
What device gets an accurate reading of the hgb(O2) in the blood if a pt. has been in a fire incident ( HbCO)
Co-oximeter
88
If CO is inhaled it shifts the curve to which side of the graph and why
Left causing tissue hypoxia due to the decreased unloading of O2 to tissues
89
What are the 2 problems with HbCO
Inhibits the carrying capacity of O2 & Prevents unloading of O2 at the tissues
90

Patient Evaluation (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions