Exam 3

Question 1

what prevents the initial depolarization at the S-A node from spreading across the heart?

Answer 1

connective tissue between the atria and ventricles

Question 2

the p wave of the ecg is produced by the

Answer 2

depolarization of the atria

Question 3

the main difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit

Answer 3

the pulmonary circuit produces lower pressures

Question 4

what is myoglobin?

Answer 4

a respiratory pigment found in muscle cytoplasm

Question 5

what is secreted to increase the production of red blood cells when O2 levels are low?

Answer 5

erythropoeitin

Question 6

what systems effect the change in flow resistance in the glomerular blood pressure?

Answer 6

nervous and endocrine

Question 7

which substance is typically found in urine at the highest concentration?

Answer 7

urea generated from protein metabolism

Question 8

a molecule greater than __ kilodaltons cannot pass through the nephrons

Answer 8

12.5

Question 9

glomerular filtration rate in vertebrates is defined as the rate of __ of an animal’s kidney tubules

Answer 9

primary urine formation by all

Question 10

after the kidneys, the __ contribute(s) most to filtration

Answer 10

heart

Question 11

podocytes are found in the __

Answer 11

bowman’s capsule

Question 12

amphibians use __ for gas exchange

Answer 12

gills, lungs, and skin

Question 13

as gas exchange membrane area increases, body weight ___

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

depolarization during a heartbeat is initiated by the __

Answer 14

S-A node

Question 15

vital capacity does not include __

Answer 15

residual volume

Question 16

which group of animals are not able to digest carbohydrates in their oral cavity?

Answer 16

canine and feline

Question 17

which group of animals are not able to store bile?

Answer 17

equine

Question 18

which group of animals are primarily able to break down their food by microbial action for nutrient absorption?

Answer 18

bovine

Question 19

which group of animals lack the ability to physically break down their food into smaller pieces in their oral cavity?

Answer 19

poultry

Question 20

the ascending loop of henle is __ to water

Answer 20

not permeable

Question 21

what side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood?

Answer 21

right

Question 21

what side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?

Answer 21

left

Question 22

vital capacity

Answer 22

amount of air any particular animal can take in

Question 23

residual volume

Answer 23

the air left over after you have completely exhaled, ensures lungs won’t collapse

Question 24

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 24

what's left in the lungs when you exhale normally

Question 25

resting tidal volume

Answer 25

what you are breathing in

Question 26

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

what you work on when training

Question 27

the bohr affect

Answer 27

affinity for O2 decreases as PH decreases or CO2 partial pressure increases

Question 28

1st heart sound

Answer 28

av valves close

Question 29

2nd heart sound

Answer 29

open aortas

Question 30

nephron

Answer 30

functional unit of kidney

Question 31

excretion =

Answer 31

filtration - reabsorption + secretion

Question 32

primary urine

Answer 32

everything that's filtered out

Question 33

secondary urine

Answer 33

what is being excreted

Question 34

creatinine

Answer 34

used to asses kidney function

Question 35

glomerulus

Answer 35

filters small solutes from the blood

Question 36

PCT

Answer 36

reabsorbs ions, water, nutrients, removes toxins, adjusts filtrate pH

Question 37

descending loop of henle

Answer 37

aquaporins allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitual fluid

Question 38

ascending loop of henle

Answer 38

reabsorbs NA+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the interstitual fluid

Question 39

DCT

Answer 39

selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance

Question 40

collecting duct

Answer 40

reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate

Question 41

how does access to water change the length of the loop of henle?

Answer 41

lots of access to water - almost non-existent loop of henle no access to water - long loop of henle

Question 42

ammonia release

Answer 42

requires the most water but least energy

Question 43

urea release

Answer 43

requires more energy but less water

Question 44

uric acid

Answer 44

requires little to no water but the most energy

Question 45

thick medulla

Answer 45

long loop of henle, concentrated urine

Question 46

thin medulla

Answer 46

short loop of henle, not concentrated urine