Exam 3

Question 1

Electron

Answer 1

Subatomic particle with a negative charge and smallest of the main three subatomic particles.

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

Subatomic particle with positive electrical charge.

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

Subatomic particle with no charge.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Small dense, positively charged center of atom containing all protons and neutrons.

Question 5

Nucleon

Answer 5

Any subatomic particle found in nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

Electron Configuration

Answer 6

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶

Question 7

Periodic Trends: Atomic Size

Answer 7

Top Right to Bottom Left: Increasing atomic size

Question 8

Periodic Trends - Ionization Energy

Answer 8

Bottom Left to Top Right: Increasing ionization energy

Question 9

Ionic Bond

Answer 9

Bond between metal and nonmetal

Question 10

Covalent Bond

Answer 10

Chemical bond involving sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule (nonmetals)

Question 11

Bonding Electron

Answer 11

Pairs of valence electrons that are shared between atoms in a covalent bond.

Question 12

Nonbonding electrons(lone pair electrons)

Answer 12

Pairs of valence electrons on an atom that are not involved in electron sharing.

Question 13

HONC(Neutral molecules)

Answer 13

1234
Number of bonds

Question 14

Electron Group Geometry: 2 Electron Groups

Answer 14

EG: Linear
Predicted Bond Angle: 180°

Question 15

Electron Group Geometry: 3 Electron Groups

Answer 15

EG: Trigonal Planar
Predicted Bond Angle: 120°

Question 16

Electron Group Geometry: 4 Electron Groups

Answer 16

EG: Tetrahedral
Predicted Bond Angle: 109.5°

Question 17

Linear Electron Domain

Answer 17

MG: Linear

Question 18

Trigonal Planar Electron Domain

Answer 18

All e- domains = Bonds: trigonal planar
One e- domain = Nonbonding: Bent/angular

Question 19

Tetrahedral Electron Domain

Answer 19

All e- domains = BondingPair: Tetrahedral
One nonbonding pair e- domain: Trigonal Pyramidal
Two nonbonding pair e- domain: Bent/angular

Question 20

Electronegativity

Answer 20

Measure of relative attraction that an atom has for the shared electron in a bond. Determined by nuclear charge and number of other electrons present in electron shell.

Question 21

Bond Polarity

Answer 21

Measure of the degree of inequality in the sharing of electrons in a chemical bond.

Question 22

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 22

Covalent bond in which there is equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 23

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 23

Covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 24

Trait of Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 24

The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polar is the bond.

Question 25

Nonpolar Covalent Bond (Electronegativity)

Answer 25

Difference of 0 - 0.4

Question 26

Polar Covalent Bond (Electronegativity)

Answer 26

Difference of 0.5 - 2.0

Question 27

Ionic Bond (Electronegativity)

Answer 27

Difference of > 2.0

Question 28

Molecular Polarity

Answer 28

Measure of the degree of inequality in the attraction of bonding electrons to various locations within a molecule.

Question 29

Polar Molecule

Answer 29

Asymmetrical distribution of electronic charge.

Question 30

Nonpolar molecule

Answer 30

Symmetrical distribution of electronic charge.

Question 31

Finding Polarity of Molecules

Answer 31

1: Is compound covalent? 2: Are the bonds polar? 3: Is the molecule asymmetrical.

Question 32

Gas

Answer 32

State of matter with no fixed shape and no fixed volume.

Question 33

Pressure

Answer 33

Pressure = Force/Area

Question 34

mm Hg to torr

Answer 34

1 mm Hg = 1 torr

Question 35

atm to mm Hg

Answer 35

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

Question 36

atm to psi

Answer 36

1 atm = 14.7 psi = 101,325 Pa

Question 37

Boyle's Law (Pressure & Volume)

Answer 37

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Question 38

Charles's Law (Volume & Temperature)

Answer 38

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Question 39

Gay-Lussac's Law (Pressure & Temperature)

Answer 39

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 40

Combined Gas Law (Pressure, Volume, Temperature)

Answer 40

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Question 41

Avogadro's Law (Volume, Number)

Answer 41

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Question 42

Ideal Gas Law (All)

Answer 42

P₁V₁/n₁T₁ = P₂V₂/n₂T₂

Question 43

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Answer 43

Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is sum of partial pressure of individual gases present.

Question 44

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Answer 44

1 atm and 273 K (0° C)

Question 45

Molar Volume

Answer 45

Volume of one mole of gas at STP = 22.4L

Question 46

Heats of Fusion

Answer 46

ΔHբᵤₛᵢₒₙ = kJ/mol

Question 47

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 47

ΔHᵥₐₚ = kJ/mol

Question 48

Intermolecular Force(IMF)

Answer 48

Attractive Force that acts between molecules influencing melting points, boiling points, viscosity and surface tension.

Question 49

Dispersion Force

Answer 49

Weak temporary intermolecular force that occurs between an atom or molecule and another atom or molecule. 1) Number of e- in atom (more e-, more dispersion force) 2) Size of atom/molecule/molecular weight. 3) Shape of molecules with similar masses (more compact, less dispersion force)

Question 50

Dipole-dipole interactions

Answer 50

IMF that occurs between polar molecules. 1) Greater the polarity, the greater the dipole-dipole interaction.

Question 51

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 51

Extra strong dipole-dipole interaction involving molecules with an H atom covalently bonded to small, very electronegative atom. H-F H-O H-N