Exam 3

Question 1

Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 1

ACTH & growth hormone

Question 2

ACTH stimulates the release of ___ from the ___.

Answer 2

Cortisol; adrenal cortex

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes the effects of hormones?

Answer 3

Widespread influence over the brain and body

Question 4

Anabolism refers to the ___, whereas catabolism refers to the ___.

Answer 4

Assembly of macromolecules; breakdown of macromolecules

Question 5

What is the correct order of the three main phases of insulin release?

Answer 5

Cephalic, gastric, substrate

Question 6

If you lesion the lateral hypothalamus of a rat, you would expect:

Answer 6

The rat to exhibit anorexia

Question 7

Negative feedback loops are a key feature of homeostatic systems.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

After training a monkey to associate a light with a reward, dopamine neurons:

Answer 8

Increase when the light turns on

Question 9

Depleted dopamine levels will cause:

Answer 9

No change in liking but a decrease in wanting

Question 10

Which drug blocks dopamine reuptake in the nucleus accumbens?

Answer 10

Cocaine

Question 11

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is characterized by:

Answer 11

Decreased fear and aggression after a temporal lobectomy

Question 12

Lesioning ___ would remove the autonomic response in learned fear.

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding serotonin and aggression?

Answer 13

More aggression is related to more 5HT activity in primates

Question 14

Stimulating ___ elicits affective aggression; stimulating ___ elicits predatory aggression.

Answer 14

Medial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus

Question 15

Administering testosterone to rats post-castration:

Answer 15

Increases biting attacks

Question 16

When cortisol binds to ___ in the ___, the release of ___ from the hypothalamus is inhibited.

Answer 16

Glucocorticoid receptors; hippocampus; CRH

Question 17

SSRIs used to treat depression have:

Answer 17

Immediate synaptic effects; therapeutic effects take weeks

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

Blunted affect

Question 19

Which is NOT expected in a schizophrenic brain compared to a control?

Answer 19

Greater myelination of neurons

Question 20

Evidence for the glutamate hypothesis in schizophrenia includes:

Answer 20

Rats chronically given PCP exhibit negative symptoms

Question 21

Predatory aggression is associated with high levels of ___ activity.

Answer 21

Parasympathetic

Question 22

Which of the following would Harry most likely agree with regarding emotions?

Answer 22

Basic emotions have distinct representations or circuits in the brain

Question 23

According to James Papez, emotion is mainly determined by activity in the:

Answer 23

Cingulate cortex

Question 24

In an experiment pairing a tone with a shock, the unconditioned stimulus is:

Answer 24

Shock

Question 25

What region is the nucleus of the diffuse modulatory system of serotonin?

Answer 25

Raphe Nucleus

Question 26

Which is a consequence of chronic stress?

Answer 26

Enlarged adrenal glands

Question 27

What are the symptom domains of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits

Question 28

Which is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Answer 28

Anterior pituitary

Question 29

Which hormone may facilitate bonding in close social relationships?

Answer 29

Oxytocin

Question 30

What would you expect in hippocampal volumes of those with high chronic stress?

Answer 30

Smaller hippocampal volumes

Question 31

Sympathetic activation with release of Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine leads to:

Answer 31

Pupil dilation

Question 32

The lipostatic hypothesis is an example of:

Answer 32

Homeostasis

Question 33

What is an example of a humoral response for maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 33

Responding to sensory signals by inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones

Question 34

The hormone ___ stimulates feeding behavior, while ___ inhibits it.

Answer 34

Orexin; leptin

Question 35

At what phase of short-term feeding regulation is insulin release the greatest?

Answer 35

Substrate

Question 36

NPY-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus are activated by:

Answer 36

Both a drop in leptin and the release of ghrelin

Question 37

Marijuana stimulates appetite by:

Answer 37

Enhancing smell

Question 38

When stranded on an island, you would:

Answer 38

Want but not like the seafood

Question 39

Lab animals addicted to drugs will:

Answer 39

Continue pressing the lever to receive even a small dose of the drug

Question 40

Addiction to drugs directly results in:

Answer 40

Decreased D2 receptors in the brain

Question 41

Which are potential pharmacological interventions for treating substance abuse?

Answer 41

Increasing GABA release, decreasing glutamate release, and kappa opioid receptor inhibitors

Question 42

What offers evidence that there is not a single neural system for emotions?

Answer 42

• Structures involved in emotion serve other functions • Neural activity varies across emotions • No one-to-one relationship between limbic structures and functions

Question 43

Amygdala neurons selectively responding to emotional valence support which theory?

Answer 43

Dimensional theories of emotion

Question 44

Precastration, increased testosterone levels result in:

Answer 44

Increased biting attacks

Question 45

Individuals taking SSRIs would display:

Answer 45

Decreased levels of aggression

Question 46

Which cortical layer contributes the least to EEG activity?

Answer 46

Layer I

Question 47

Thousands of neurons must activate together for measurable EEG signals. This is called:

Answer 47

Synchrony

Question 48

High-frequency, low-amplitude rhythms are associated with:

Answer 48

Alertness, waking, and dreaming sleep stages

Question 49

Compared to a 10-year-old, an elderly person experiences:

Answer 49

20% less REM sleep

Question 50

Diffuse modulatory systems critical to sleep and wake cycles include:

Answer 50

Cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic

Question 51

Adenosine promotes sleep by:

Answer 51

Inhibiting modulatory systems that promote wakefulness

Question 52

The primary neurotransmitter released by suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons is:

Answer 52

GABA

Question 53

Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 53

Delusions

Question 54

Kylie exhibiting an attack of intense fearfulness and terror suggests:

Answer 54

Panic disorder

Question 55

A structural brain difference in schizophrenia is:

Answer 55

Enlarged ventricles

Question 56

Affective disorder medications that regulate serotonin include:

Answer 56

MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and SSRIs

Question 57

Treatments for depression that provide immediate relief are:

Answer 57

Electroconvulsion therapy and deep brain stimulation

Question 58

A belief that the government inserted a chip to hear thoughts represents:

Answer 58

Positive delusion

Question 59

Benzodiazepines act on ___ while SSRIs act on ___.

Answer 59

GABA receptors; serotonin reuptake mechanisms

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a type of associative learning?

Answer 60

Habituation

Question 61

Which is not a direct input of the medial temporal lobe?

Answer 61

V1

Question 62

Why did Patient H.M. slow his hand-shaking with the researcher but still get shocked?

Answer 62

He implicitly learned (intact procedural memory) but lacked explicit memory of prior shocks (impaired declarative memory)

Question 63

In a rat experiment, a hippocampal neuron responding in one location is classified as:

Answer 63

Place cell

Question 64

Which memory model states the hippocampus is no longer required after consolidation?

Answer 64

Standard memory model

Question 65

Memory reconsolidation serves to:

Answer 65

Alter memories, making them unstable and susceptible to disruption and alteration