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Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary survey

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

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2
Q

Priority assessment

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parethesia
Paralysis

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3
Q

Osteomalacia, causes, S/S, influences

A

“Soft bone”- impaired bone metabolism and reduced mineralization
Causes: vitamin C deficiency, rickets (children), renal disease/failure
S/S: bone pain, pigeon breast, boeing legs
Influences: hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, high parathyroid hormone

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4
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

2+ weeks of sadness and apathy

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5
Q

Post-partum depression

A

80% of women in first two weeks after delivery

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6
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Associated with winter
Decreased melatonin

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7
Q

Generalized anxiety

A

Persistent, “global”

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8
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Fear of social interactions

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9
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Recurrent behaviors that demand to be performed

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10
Q

Panic disorder

A

Induced by stress

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11
Q

Schiophrenia

A

Abnormal thinking patterns that result in impaired social function and self care
High dopamine and psychosis

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12
Q

Positive (psychosis) symptoms of schisophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech
Paranoia

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13
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Alogia (lack of conversation)
Avolition (lack of motivation)
Anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
Social withdrawal

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14
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

Inattention and hyperactivity
Low dopamine and norepinephrine

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15
Q

Risk factors for ADHD

A

Genetics
TBI
Toxins

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of ADHD

A

Hyperactivity
Inattention
Impulsiveness
+/- self esteem issues
+/- social skill issues

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17
Q

Transient Ischemic attack

A

Temporary occlusion, symptoms resolve
No Permanent damage
Warning sign of bigger stroke

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18
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA/Stroke)

A

Death of brain cells

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19
Q

Ischemic CVA

A

Blockage of artery
Caused by thrombus or embolism

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20
Q

Treatment of Ischemic stroke

A

Fibrinolytics

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21
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke
Causes, S/S

A

Rupture of blood vessel
Causes: hypertension, aneurysm, trauma,
Spontaneous
Sudden headache/vomiting/ LOC

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22
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Atrial bleed b/n skull and dura mater
Fast and severe

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23
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Venous bleed b/n dura and arachnoid mater
Slower

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24
Q

Intracerebral hemmorhage

A

Bleed within brain tissue
Ruptured aneurysm from hypertension or trauma

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25
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bleed in the subarachnoid space Berry aneurysm, trauma
26
Concussion and S/S
Caused by impact or whiplash (Coup-countercoup) S/S CSF drainage from ear/nose Blurred vision Weakness/lethargy Impaird coordination and motor function Headaches, personality changes
27
Increased Intracranial pressure (ICP)
Suffocated brain tissue from lack of nutrients Accumulation of fluid or swelling tissue
28
Cushings triad
Increased systolic BP Decreased pulse Decreased respirations
29
S/S of ICP
Neuro: headache, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, AMS, double vision, N/V Late signs: Fixed/dilated pupils Pressure on CNIII), loss of consciousness, Cushings triade
30
Uncal herniation:
Part of temporal lobe goes through tentorial notch concern in increased ICP
31
Hydrocephalus and S/S
“Water head” Excessive Cerebral spinal fluid due to blockage of the draining system (most common) or overproduction of CSF S/S: Infant: increased head circumference, LOC changes, irritability Adult: headache, vomiting, ataxia, urinary incontinence, lethargy, coma, instability Needs shunt
32
High risk areas for Spinal cord injuries
Cervical and lumbar
33
Flexion Spinal cord injury
Chin downward Motor vehicle accident
34
Hyperextension spinal cord injury
Head backward Hitting chin on fall
35
Compression spinal cord injury
Vertical pressure Diving into a pool
36
Subluxation spinal cord injury
Slipped disk Falling off a horse
37
Spinal shock and duration
Loss of deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) Loss of motor sensor below injury Lasts days to months (transient)
38
Neurogenic shock
Loss of sympathetic activity Low BP (hypotension) Low HR (bradycardia) Poikilothermia (no temp. Regulation) Can last up to 6 weeks
39
Management for neurogenic shock
Airway Fluids Atropine for bradycardia Vasopressors for bp
40
Autonomic dysreflexia
Sympathetic overdrive from irritant Sci at T6 or higher
41
S/S of autonomic dysreflexia
Forhead sweating, facial flushing, confusion, anxiety, headache, severe hypertension, bradycardia
42
Bell’s palsy
Unilateral paralysis of facial nerve (CNVII) Cause: unknown(maybe herpes or lyme disease) Facial weakness: inability to wrinkle brow, drooping eyelid, asymmetrical smile, dropping corner of mouth
43
Seizures
Sudden disorganized discharge of electrical activity
44
Status epilepticus
Seizure > 5 minutes or 2 seizures within 5 minutesf
45
Encephalitis, causes S/S
Inflammation of brain tissue Commonly caused by viral infection Non-specific symptoms: fever, headaches, photophobia
46
Meningitis
Inflammation of meningeal tissue and/or brain tissue S/S: confusion, fever, neck stiffness, severe headache, photophobia
47
Spina Bifida and cause
Improper closing of spinal column during development Cause: folate deficiency
48
Occulta (hidden) spina bifida
Minimal, no symptoms
49
Meningocele spina bifida
Neurological symptoms below level affected, cauda equina (no nerve protrusion)
50
Myelomeningocele
Significant neurological symptoms below level affected, limb paralysis Nerve protrusion
51
Osteomyelitis, S/S
Bacterial infection in the bone Risk with open fractures Signs/symptoms: constant bone pain, fever, night sweats, chills, tenderness/warm to touch, not seen initially on x-ray Can lead to sepsis and ulcerations
52
Fat embolism and S/S
Yellow bone marrow entering blood stream, occluding vessels S/S: Confusion (brain), Petechia (Skin), Shortness of breath (heart)
53
Compartment syndrome and S/S
Pressure compromises neurovascular function of tissue from edema. Ischemic damage from compressed arteries S/S 6 P’s: Pain, parethesia (loss of sensation), pallor, paralysis, distal pulselessness, poikilothermia
54
Sprains and S/S
Overstretching of ligament from quick twist of pull, found around joints S/S: redness/bruising, swelling, instability, reduced function and painful movement
55
Strains
Large muscle groups, back, calf, hamstring
56
Rotator cuff injury symptoms
Pain with abduction Popping/clicking Muscle weakness
57
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
Non-contact “plant and twist” Increases risk for osteoarthritis
58
Kyphosis
Exaggerated forward rounding of upper back
59
Lordosis
Inward curvature of lower back
60
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature
61
Osteoporosis, risks and S/S
Bone demineralization Risks: alcohol, smoking, caucasian or asian, prolonged steroid use (autoimmune treatments), low calcium, menopause/low estrogen, hyperthyroidism, sendentary S/S: pain in bone, kypohosis, heightloss
62
Osteoarthritis and risk factors
Wear and tear, bone on bone rubbing Age Female Genetics History of injury Obesity Repetitive joint use
63
Rhambdomylosis and s/s
Breakdown of muscle from overuse or injury S/S: mylagia (muscle pain), tenderness w/ palpitation, hyperkalemia, increased creatine kinase, myoglobinemia, dark brown urin, weakness, confusion
64
Acne
Inflammation of skin Pilosebaceous unit Increased gland activity, blockage of follicles, bacteria in follicle
65
Urticaria
Rash with alergies Itchy IgE-mediated: histamine release Wheal and flare
66
Measles and S/S
Respiratory virus Affects skin: maculopapular rash (descending red spots) S/S: high fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, koplik spots, encephalitis
67
Herpes simplex, HSV 1 and 2
Initial is sever, Painful vesicular rash, tingling/numbness Infect others in dormancy C section in pregnancy HSV 1 above the belt HSV 2 bellow the belt
68
Skin infections: bacteria type
Staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria
69
Impetigo
Superficial, honeycomb crust, contagious
70
Cellulitis
Deep infection involving the hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue Drainage is contagious
71
Fungal infection
Warm moist areas Superficial: tinea, candida Deep: may occur in immunocompromised
72
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Chronic inflammation Redness Flexor surfaces Dry ithy Linked to asthma and allergies Infection with skin breakage
73
Basal carcinoma
Common, rarely metastisize
74
Squamous cell carcinoma
May metastisize
75
Melanoma
Most dangerous, metastisize, Monitor ABCDE
76
ABCDE for skin cancer
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (Growth)
77
Pressure ulcers
Ischemic injury leading to skin breakdown, decubitus ulcers
78
Extrinsic factors for pressure ulcers
Skin pressure, shearing, friction, moisture
79
Intrinsic factors for pressure ulcers
Immobilization, cognitive (forget to move), chronic illness (diabetes), poor nutrition, steriod use (break down proteins), Aging
80
Venous stasis
Dysfunctional valves in veins Accumulation of fluid and waste products, edema, tissue damage
81
Burn complications
Infection/sepsis Hypovolemic shock Respiratory dysfunction Increased metabolic demand Hypothermia

0 Patho (8 decks)

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