Exam 3 Flashcards
(67 cards)
what makes bacteria a fantastic model organism?
rapid reproduction, many progeny, small genomes, easy to store in lab
what is horizontal gene transfer?
genes shared independent of reproduction
three types of horizontal gene transfer?
transformation, transduction, conjugation
what is transformation?
take up environmental DNA and recombine
what is transduction?
phages and viruses
what is conjugation?
two bacterial cells - physical connection
what are the differences and similarities between a host chromosome and a plasmid?
chromosome is considered the primary genetic material while the plasmid is additional and can be transferred between cells
what is an episome?
a plasmid that can integrate into the bacterial genome
what are the general features of a plasmid?
replicates freely of the bacterial chromosome
how is transformation used in the lab?
think of pGLO experiment
if you had a spirit organism, would it be a bacterial strain?
no
what is the relation of transduction to HCG?
the process by which the binding of hCG to its receptor on a cell membrane triggers a series of intracellular signaling events, ultimately leading to specific cellular responses within the cell, like increased hormone production or cell proliferation
what kinds of genetic material do phages/viruses employ?
RNA
what are the differences between a bacteriophage and a virus?
bacteriophage targets bacteria, virus can really infect anything
what are the two groups of phages/viruses?
virulent or temperate
what is the life cycle of temperate phages?
the lytic or lysogenic cycle
what is the life cycle of virulent phages?
the lytic cycle
explain the lytic cycle
a reproductive cycle where a virus actively infects a host cell, uses the cell’s machinery to make copies of itself, and then bursts (lyses) the host cell to release the newly produced viruses
how does the lytic cycle relate to general and specific transduction?
essentially, generalized transduction can transfer any bacterial gene, while specialized transduction is limited to genes near the prophage integration site
explain the lysogenic cycle
dormant infection
how does the lysogenic cycle relate to general and specific transduction?
essentially, generalized transduction can transfer any bacterial gene, while specialized transduction is limited to genes near the prophage integration site
what components of host cells do phages/viruses steal to make new viral particles?
their replication system, proteins, RNA
what are some specialized proteins/enzymes that allow phages/viruses to make more of their genome or insert themselves in the host chromosome?
DNA polymerase, integrase, reverse transcriptase
what are the components of DNA?
phosphate group, deoxyribose, nucleotide
