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Chem1212 Exams > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha particle

A

α
nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons, total: 4 nucleons

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2
Q

Beta particle

A

β
- atomic # increases by 1 proton
- 0 nucelons but - 1 charge

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3
Q

Positron particle

A
  • behave like electron but w/ positive charge
  • atomic # decreases by 1 proton
  • 0 nucleons but + 1 charge
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4
Q

What does equilibrium mean?

A
  • when a rxn and its reverse rxn proceed at the same rate
  • both fwd and reverse rxn’s are occuring
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5
Q

Equilibrium constant

A

Kf / Kr = Keq (no units)
- depends only on temp

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6
Q

What is heterogeneous equilibria?

A

when/if one or more reactants or products are in a different phase

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7
Q

What do we exclude from K expression? (pure liquids, gasses, aqueous, solids)

A

Pure Liquids and solids

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8
Q

what is K for a fwd rxn of:
2SO₃ <=> 2SO₂ + O₂

A

Kf= [SO₃]²

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9
Q

When you multiply reaction by a number, what is done to get new K?

A

(K)^’

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10
Q

When two reactions are added, what do you do to get new K?

A

A + B + C = C + E
Equalssssssss
A + B = E

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11
Q

Kc VS Kp?

A

Kc: concentration-based eq. constant
ex. = [B]^b / [A]^a

Kp: pressure-based eq. constant (for gases)
ex. = (Pᴅ)ᵈ / (Pc)ᶜ

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12
Q

Le chateliers principle:

A
  • any change to chem. system @ eq. causes the rxn to proceed in direction that reduces stress caused by change
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13
Q

Effect of change in concentration:

A

Keq > Q … shift RIGHT
- increased reactants
Keq < Q … shift LEFT
- increased products

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14
Q

Arrhenius acids: definition

A
  • substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ion H+ (H3O+)
  • typically end in -ide, -ate, or -ite
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15
Q

Arrhenius bases:

A
  • substance that when dissolved in water increased concentration of hydroxide ion
  • typically end in hydroxide (OH-)
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16
Q

Bronsted-lowry acids

A

proton donor!
must have removable acidic proton

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17
Q

Bronsted-lowry bases

A

proton acceptor!
must have a pair of nonbonding electrons

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18
Q

Acids _____ proton H+

A

Donate

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19
Q

Bases _____ proton H+

20
Q

Seven strong acids !!!!

A
  1. nitric acid HNO3
  2. chloric acid HClO3
  3. perchloric acid HClO4
  4. sulfuric acid H2SO4
  5. HCl
  6. HBr
  7. HI
21
Q

Strong bases!!!!

A
  1. 1A hydroxides: NaOH, KOH, etc…
  2. group II A hydroxides: Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
22
Q

Monoprotic acids

A

only has one proton per molecule to donate
ex: HCl -> H+ … Cl-

23
Q

Polyprotic acids

A

can donate more than one proton per molecule
ex: H3PO4

24
Q

Amphoteric substances

A

act as both acids and bases
“amph” = both

25
Ion-product constant for water: Kw
@25 C Kw= 1.0 x 10^-14
26
What is auto-ionization of water
- water is amphoteric -in pure H2O, a few molecules act as bases and same goes for acids H2O + H2O = [H3O+] aq [OH-] aq
27
Relationship: pH - hydronium ion conc.
pH= -log[H3O+] OR 10^ -(pH)
28
Relationship: pOH - hydroxide ion conc.
pOH= -log[OH-] OR 10^ -(pOH)
29
[H3O+] -> pH
= -log[H3O+] OR 10^ -(pH)
30
pH -> pOH
pH + pOH = 14 ... 14 - pH = pOH
31
[OH-] -> pOH
= -log[OH-]
32
[H3O+] -> [OH-]
= Kw / [H3O+]
33
Relationship: magnitude of Ka to strength of acid
the greater the value of Ka, the stronger the acid
34
Relationship: magnitude of Kb to strength of base
35
acid-base conj. pairs
Keq= products / reactants
36
equilibrium expression
Keq= products / reactants
37
writing the eq. expression (exponents) a A + b B <=> d D = e E
= [D]^d [E]^e / [A]^a [B]^b
38
what is K for a reverse rxn of: 2SO₃ <=> 2SO₂ + O₂
Kr= [SO₂]² [O₂]
39
I C E:
initial change equilibrium (I+C)
40
effect of volume/pressure change: (gaseous rxns only)
decrease: shift to side with fewer moles of gas increase: shift to side with more moles of gas
41
effect of temp. change:
heat is reactant (endo): increase... shift right heat is product (exo): increase ... shift left
42
write conj. base for: 1. HBr 2. H2S 3. H2CO3
1. Br- 2. HS- 3. HCO3-
43
write conj. acid for: 1. NO2- 2. NH3 3. OH-
1. HNO2 2. NH4 3. H2O
44
which contain sets of acid-base conj. pairs? 1. HNO2 NO2- 2. H2CO3 CO3^2- 3. HCl ClO4- 4. HS- H2S 5. NH3 NH4+
1: acid, conj. base 4&5: base, conj. acid
45
46
To find Kc:
Kp/(RT) ^ delta n
47
To find Kp:
Kc(RT)^delta n

Chem1212 Exams (4 decks)

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