exam 3

Question 1

answer

what is the point of antecedent manipulation

Answer 1

to increase desireable by manipulating stimuli and decrease problem bxs that interfere with desirable ones

Question 2

list

steps of antecedent control procedures

Answer 2

1. present discriminative stimulus/ cues for desired bx
2. arrange establishing operations for desired bx
3. decrease response effort for engaging in desired bx
4. remove discriminative stimulus for undesired bx
5. present aboloshing operations for the outcome of competing bx
6. increase response effort for engaging in undesireable bx

Question 3

list

research on antecedent control

Answer 3

• litering bx
• problem bx in children
• increase seatbelt use
• self injury
• intellectual disability

Question 4

list

questions you should ask about antecedent control

Answer 4

1. what is desired bxs that you are trying to increase
2. what are S^Ds? what is around in the environment?
3. logistical- what can we actually manipulate
4. what is reinforcing bx? is it potent enough?
5. what are competing bxs and how can we work with them?
6. can we increase response effort?

Question 5

define

generalization

Answer 5

occurance of behavior in the presence of similar stimuli

Question 6

list

strategies for promoting generalization

Answer 6

1. reinforce bx in similar situations
2. training skills
3. provide stimulus exemplars
4. incorporating common stimuli
5. provide cuing/cues in natural environment

Question 7

explain

reinforcing behavior in similar situation

Answer 7

get other people to adopt the paradigm

Question 8

explain

training skills

Answer 8

naturally leads to praise and attention

Question 9

explain

provide stimulus exemplars

Answer 9

best example of given stimulus

Question 10

list

types of habit bx

Answer 10

1. nervous habits
2. motor tics
3. stuttering

Question 11

define

nervous habits

Answer 11

• does not serve a social function
• becomes reinforced

Question 12

define

motor tics

Answer 12

• repetitive jerking movement

Question 13

define

stuttering

Answer 13

• typically speech disfluency
• remits overtime
• can persist into adulthood

Question 14

list

4 criteria of tourettes disorder

Answer 14

1. multiple motor tics and 1 or more verbal tics present
2. tics can wax/wane but have to be present for 1 yr and beyond
3. onset must be before 18
4. cannot be secondary to med/drug use/ medical condition

Question 15

list

medicinal treatment options for tourettes

Answer 15

• adhd meds
• antipsychotics
• SSRI
• anticonvulsants

Question 16

list

steps of habit reversal

Answer 16

1. patient describes bx and recognizes them
2. awareness training
3. introduction of competing bx
4. learn when that bx is about to occur introduce competing bx

Question 17

list

key notes of token economy

Answer 17

1. reinforcement system
2. conditioned reinforcers given to people for desireable bx (tokens)
3. tokens then exchanged for back up reinforcers
4. tokens are recieved immediately and exchangable
5. could use response cost

Question 18

list

steps of token economy

Answer 18

1. identify desireable bx
2. identify tokens
3. identify reinforcers
4. scheduled reinforcement
5. determine exchange rate
6. establish time and place for exchange
7. decide about response cost
8. staff training/managment

Question 19

list

places where token economy is used

Answer 19

• home
• schools
• hospitals
• prisons
• rehab
• factories

Question 20

list

pros of token economy

Answer 20

• highly structured
• easy to dispense tokens
• response cost easier
• can learn savings
• could generalize

Question 21

list

cons of token economy

Answer 21

1. hard to implement
2. isn’t always generalizable
3. theft/counterfeit
4. lack of engagment
5. staff needs to be consistent

Question 22

define

behavioral contract

Answer 22

applying reinforcement/punishment to help people manage their own bx
* involves a contract manager

Question 23

list

steps of behavioral contracts

Answer 23

1. identify target behavior
2. who is measuring? how measured?
3. outlining time frame
4. identifying reinforcement
5. who is implementing contingency?

Question 24

list

types of bx contract

Answer 24

1 party contract/unilateral contract
2-party contract

Question 25

# define 1 party contract/unilateral contract

Answer 25

* 1 persons bx * 1 or more people managing contingency | the contingency manager must not gain something from the contract

Question 26

# define 2 party contact

Answer 26

2 people alter behavior essentially the same as 1 party contract

Question 27

# list key notes of bx contract

Answer 27

1. contingency is delayed 2. can't use straight punishment 3. make public- becomes rule governed

Question 28

# list where you see behavioral contracts

Answer 28

* home * office * school/classrooms * health * couples therapy

Question 29

# define fear

Answer 29

composed of both operant and respondant behavior

Question 30

# define anxiety

Answer 30

bodily responses/respondant bx

Question 31

# list procedures to reduce anxiety

Answer 31

1. relaxation training 2. systematic desensitzation 3. in vivo desensitization

Question 32

# define relaxation training

Answer 32

person engages in specific relaxation bx that result in bodily responses opposite to the autonomic arousal | used to decrease the autonomic arousal

Question 34

# define progressive muscle relaxation

Answer 34

person systematically tenses and relaxes each of the major muscle groups

Question 35

# define diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 35

person breathes deeply on a slow rhythmic pattern

Question 36

# define attention focusing excercises

Answer 36

direct attention to a neutral or pleasant stimulus to remove the person's attention from the anxiety producing stimulus

Question 37

# define behavioral relaxation training

Answer 37

the person is taught to relax each muscle group in the body by assuming a relaxed posture

Question 38

# list 3 essential components of relaxation procedures

Answer 38

1. reduce muscle tension 2. relaxed breathing 3. attention focusing

Question 39

# define systematic desensitization

Answer 39

person with a phobia practices relaxation techniques while imagining scenes of the fear producing stimulus

Question 40

# define in vivo desensitization

Answer 40

similar to systematic desensitization except the client gradually approaches or is gradually exposed to the actual fear producing stimulus

Question 41

# define flooding

Answer 41

person is exposed to the feared stimulus at full intensity for a prolonged period of time until anxiety subsides

Question 42

# define modeling

Answer 42

person observes another person approaching the feared stimulus or engaging in a feared activity