Exam 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Pulmonary Ventilation
Movement of gas in and out of lungs
What determines pulmonary ventilation?
breath rate and tidal volume
Tidal Volume
Amount of gas moved per breath
Dead space ventilation
Amount of unused gas
Alveolar Ventilation
Amount of gas inspired that reaches respiratory zone
Conducting Zone
- all anatomical structures that air passes through to reach respiratory zone
- trachea, brachial tree, brachialis
Primary breathing means during rest
nose
primary breathing means during exercise
mouth
Epiglottis
determines entry and exit of gas into respiratory system
Respiratory Zone components
respirator bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Inspiration
- Breathing in
- Diaphragm main muscle
Inspiration during exercise
Diaphragm assisted by abdominal muscles
Inspiratory muscles
Any muscle that increase chest volume
Diaphragm contraction purpose
- expands lungs
- increase chest volume
- decrease intrapulmonary pressure
Expiration
- breathing out
- Passive during rest
- Chest and lung cavity is elastic which returns to equilibrium position after inspiration
- Abdominal muscles primary
Purpose of abdominal muscles during expiration
decrease chest volume
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
the rate of diffusion is greater when area of diffusion is larger and when distance between 2 sides of tissues is high
Dalton’s Law
Total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure exerted by each gas individually
Oxygen Transoort
99% of oxygen transported bound to hemoglobin
- amount of oxygen found in blood depends on hemoglobin concentration
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Direction of reaction depends on PO2 level and affinity of hemoglobin and oxygen to bond
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve in Lungs
- high PO2
- formation of oxyhemoglobin (loading)
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve in Tissues
- low PO2
- oxygen released into tissues (unloading)
