Exam 3

Question 1

behavior intended to cause physical harm or pain to another individual
o Excludes accidental injury, vandalism, and “psychological,” “relational,” or “verbal” aggression, including emotional abuse

Answer 1

Violence

Question 2

internal motivation behind violent behavior

Answer 2

Aggression

Question 3

 Categories of stimuli and events producing fear for children in Preschool

Answer 3

distortions of natural forms (monsters, mutants) are scariest

Question 4

 Categories of stimuli and events producing fear for children in elementary school

Answer 4

dangers and injuries (natural disasters, attacks) are scariest

Question 5

 Social cognitive/learning theory

Answer 5

watch, learn, and imitate
* Attention  Retention  Reproduction  Motivation

Question 6

learn specific new behaviors

Answer 6

 Direct modeling (observational learning)

Question 7

generalizes from observed behavior to other behavior

Answer 7

 Symbolic modeling

Question 8

reduces the normal inhibitions most people have against acting violently or perceiving violence as acceptable

Answer 8

 Disinhibition

Question 9

media user reacts so strongly to violence that they’re less likely to imitate

Answer 9

 Reverse modeling

Question 10

Desensitization

Answer 10

 Viewing violence –> less sensitive to it, less aroused and bothered by it, habituated to it
 Media violence repeatedly viewed in a comfortable environment with no harm to self

Question 11

 The more exposure a person has to TV, the more their perceptions of social reality will match what is on TV

Answer 11

Cultivation

Question 12

 Humorous context may…

Answer 12

increase desensitization and modeling effects

Question 13

enjoy participating in violating social norms

Answer 13

 Forbidden-fruit theory

Question 14

Seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experience

Answer 14

Sensation seeking

Question 15

o Positive correlation between childhood violence viewing and later aggressive behavior

Answer 15

Longitudinal studies

Question 16

Three primary risk factors from violent media

Answer 16

 Fear
 Violent behavior
 Desensitization

Question 17

movies, pictures, magazines, etc., that show or describe naked people or sex in a very open and direct way in order to cause sexual excitement
 Without recognized literary or artistic merit

Answer 17

Pornography

Question 18

works of art or literature that deal with sex and are meant to cause sexual feelings

Answer 18

Erotica

Question 19

portrays rape and other instances of physical coercion and harm to persons in a sexual context

Answer 19

Sexually violent material

Question 20

may or may not depict degradation, domination, subordination, or humiliation

Answer 20

Nonviolent sexual material

Question 21

o Horror films that are extremely violent with strong sexual overtones
o Concern with juxtaposition of erotic sex with violence

Answer 21

Slasher movies

Question 22

women more likely than men to be described in terms of appearance and sexuality

Answer 22

Bias of language

Question 23

Vamp

Answer 23

sexy woman incites lust of man
* More likely if:
o she knew assailant
o no weapon used
o same race/ethnic group (or she is of lower status race)
o same social class (or she is of lower class)
o she is young
o she is pretty
o she shows any deviation from traditional sex roles
* Most common narrative

Question 24

Virgin

Answer 24

pure and innocent woman attacked by vicious monster

Question 25

o Goal is using media to promote behaviors that lead to improved health or wellbeing

Answer 25

Social marketing

Question 26

o Prosocial messages that are embedded into popular entertainment media content * Also called “edutainment” or “infotainment”

Answer 26

Entertainment education (E-E)

Question 27

observer’s perceptions of consequences (positive and/or negative) that are likely to result from a given behavior

Answer 27

Outcome expectancies

Question 28

the observer’s confidence in his or her ability to enact the behavior

Answer 28

Self-efficacy

Question 29

o Motivation is influenced by two factors

Answer 29

outcome expectancies and self-efficacy

Question 30

o Focuses on unique ability of E-E to influence beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by reducing message counterarguing

Answer 30

Extended elaboration liklihood model

Question 31

a form of resistance characterized by the generation of thoughts that dispute or are inconsistent with the persuasive argument

Answer 31

Counterarguing

Question 32

a reaction against change in response to some perceived pressure for change

Answer 32

Resistance

Question 33

individuals resist change when they feel their freedom is threatened

Answer 33

Psychological reactance theory

Question 34

the idea that individuals prefer not to change their attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs rather than to change them, all things being equal

Answer 34

Inertia