exam 3

Question 1

zinc is digested by __________ in stomach and SI

Answer 1

hydrolyzation

Question 2

zinc is stored in the

Answer 2

enterocyte

Question 3

zinc is found where in the body

Answer 3

all organs, muscle, skin, bones enzymes of liver

Question 4

zinc as a metaloenzyme provides _____ integrity, and participates in reaction at _____ site

Answer 4

structural, catalytic

Question 5

carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase, and alcohol dehydrogenase are ______ dependent enzymes

Answer 5

zinc

Question 6

zinc interacts with what 4 nutrients

Answer 6

vit. a, copper, calcium, cadmium

Question 7

copper is stored in

Answer 7

liver, brain, kidneys, skeleton

Question 8

________ is a glycoprotein that delivers copper to tissues

Answer 8

ceruloplasmin

Question 9

iron is found in the body in

Answer 9

hemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, and blood(storage)

Question 10

ferric Fe3+ is what form

Answer 10

oxidized

Question 11

ferrous Fe2+ is what form

Answer 11

reduced

Question 12

heme iron contains _______ ring

Answer 12

porphyrin

Question 13

sources of non heme iron

Answer 13

nuts, fruits, vegetables, grains, tofu, fortified grains

Question 14

overall iron absorption is what %

Answer 14

10-18%

Question 15

heme iron is absorbed what %

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

non heme iron is absorbed what %

Answer 16

2-8%

Question 17

iron is _____ from hemoglobin/myoglobin in stomach and SI by proteases

Answer 17

hydrolyzed

Question 18

heme iron is absorbed ______ by heme carrier protein ______

Answer 18

intact, hcp1

Question 19

heme iron is hydrolyzed to ______ and ________

Answer 19

ferrous Fe & protoporphrin

Question 20

Fe2 becomes ____ alkaline as it passes into SI, making it ____ available for absorption

Answer 20

more, less

Question 21

main transporter for Fe2+ is

Answer 21

DMT1

Question 22

synthesis of DMT1 is _______ by iron status

Answer 22

affected

Question 23

components that enhance non heme iron absorption

Answer 23

sugars, acids, meat, mucin

Question 24

polyphenols, oxalic acid, phytates, phosvitin, ca, zn, mn, rapid transit time _______ Fe absorption

Answer 24

inhibit

Question 25

coffee and tea contain ______ that inhibit Fe

Answer 25

polyphenols

Question 26

spinach, choc., and tea contain _____ that inhibit Fe absorption

Answer 26

oxalic acid

Question 27

whole grains and legume contain ____that inhibit Fe absorption

Answer 27

phytates

Question 28

iron is stored as

Answer 28

ferritin

Question 29

iron is transported across entercyte basolateral membrane via _____ couple by Cu and enters circulation

Answer 29

ferroportin

Question 30

main regulator of iron, released from liver as iron stores increase

Answer 30

hepcidin

Question 31

ferroportin is bound by _____ which becomes internalized and degraded rendering iron stuck inside of the enterocyte

Answer 31

hepcidin

Question 32

indicator of iron status

Answer 32

transferrin

Question 33

cellular iron uptake is affected by _____ saturation level

Answer 33

transferrin

Question 34

iron is stored in

Answer 34

liver, bone marrow, and spleen

Question 35

functions of iron

Answer 35

hemoglobin and myoglobin, electron transport, oxygenases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, pro oxidant, other iron containing enzymes

Question 36

heme iron in center enables _____ transport and transitional storage

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

vit __ enhances iron absorption

Answer 37

C

Question 38

if deficient in copper, ____ deficiency anemia will occure

Answer 38

iron

Question 39

zinc inhibits iron absorption and _____ inhibits zinc absorption

Answer 39

iron

Question 40

RDA for iron in women 19-50yrs

Answer 40

18 mg

Question 41

____ ____ from iron overload

Answer 41

acute iron

Question 42

TUL for iron

Answer 42

45mg

Question 43

second most abundant mineral in the body

Answer 43

phosphorus

Question 44

majority of phosphorus is found in ____ with calcium and in muscle

Answer 44

bones

Question 45

phosphorus absorption is enhanced by vit. ___ /____

Answer 45

vit. D/calcitriol

Question 46

_______ is main intracellular buffer

Answer 46

phosphate

Question 47

macro mineral found in smallest amount in the bocy

Answer 47

mg

Question 48

sources of copper

Answer 48

organ meats, shellfish, nuts, seeds, legumes, dried fruits

Question 49

genetic disorder characterized by Cu toxicity. due to inability to excrete copper

Answer 49

wilson's disease

Question 50

selenium deficiency disease

Answer 50

keshan disease

Question 51

role of chromium

Answer 51

potentiates insulin signaling

Question 52

role of copper

Answer 52

iron use, collagen synthesis, pigment, neurotransmitters

Question 53

role of iodine

Answer 53

thyroid hormone synthesis

Question 54

roles of iron

Answer 54

oxygen transport and use, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant, carnitine, collagen, and thyroid hormone synthesis

Question 55

role of manganese

Answer 55

brain function, collagen, bone, growth

Question 56

role of selenium

Answer 56

protection against hydrogen peroxide and free radicals

Question 57

role of zinc

Answer 57

nutrient metabolism, collagen formation, alcohol detoxification

Question 58

Overall calcium absorption is

Answer 58

25-30%

Question 59

Overall zinc absorption rate

Answer 59

20-30%

Question 60

SOD requires which three minerals?

Answer 60

Zinc, copper, and manganese

Question 61

_____ disease is a disorder that results from a mutation inATP7b, which results in excess accumulation of iron in tissue stores

Answer 61

Wilson's

Question 62

Absorption rate of chromium is

Answer 62

0.4-2.5%

Question 63

Two main mechanisms for absorption of calcium

Answer 63

Duodenal and jejunum active transport, parra cellular diffusion(primarily jejunum and ilium)

Question 64

Magnesium functions intracellular lay by

Answer 64

Linking oxygen atoms to phosphate groups that assist in the transfer of ATP

Question 65

Which metal is associated with glutathione per oxidase

Answer 65

Selenium

Question 66

List major minerals

Answer 66

Ca, Mg, Ph, Su

Question 67

Lab values that are low in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 67

Ferritin & transferrin

Question 68

Which mineral is associated with glycosyl transferase

Answer 68

Manganese