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MLT 110 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What removes dried oil from the lens the best?

A

Xylene

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2
Q

What is numerical aperture?

A

solide cone of light delivered to the specimen by the condenser and gathered by the objective

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3
Q

What is resolution?

A

ability of a microscope to reveal or separate fine detail

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4
Q

What is working distance?

A

distance from the objective to the top of the specimen, also called focal length

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5
Q

What is aberration?

A

imperfect refraction or focalization of a lens; inability to bring light rays to a single focus

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6
Q

What part of the microscope reflects the beam of light upward?

A

mirror

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7
Q

What part of the microscope directs and focuses the light from the light source up to the specimen?

A

condenser

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8
Q

What part of the microscope controls the amount of light?

A

iris diaphragm

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9
Q

How does the Brightfield microscope work?

A

uses daylight or light bulb with compound lens system

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10
Q

How does a dark field microscope work?

A

special condenser to make background appear dark while specimen is lighted; the condenser causes light waves to cross on the specimen instead of pass through it

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11
Q

How does a fluorescent microscope work?

A

UV light source and special filter to allow shorter wavelength to allow you to see fluorescence

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12
Q

How does a phase contrast microscope work?

A

special diaphragm into or below condenser to view unstained structures

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13
Q

How does a polarized microscope work?

A

special filter that takes ordinary light waves and allows only light waves of one orientation to pass through the filter and reach specimen; illuminates objects that can rotate light

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14
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

substitution of an electron beam for light rays to achieve greater resolution

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15
Q

What is field of view?

A

the lighted circle you see when you look through a microscope

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16
Q

What is MSDS?

A

material safety data sheet

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17
Q

What kind of information can a lab employee get from the MSDS?

A

describes potentially hazardous chemicals and how to work safely with these chemicals

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18
Q

What are the colors of the diamond hazard symbol?

A

red, yellow, white, blue

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19
Q

What does red indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

fire, scale 0-4

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20
Q

What does yellow indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

reactivity, scale 0-4

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21
Q

What does white indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

specific hazard

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22
Q

What specific hazards are indicated by a white diamond hazard symbol?

A

oxidizer, acid, alkali, corrosive, use no water, radiation

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23
Q

What does blue indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

health hazard, scale 0-4

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24
Q

What is standard precaution?

A

treat all specimens as potentially infectious

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25
Examples of Class A bioterrorism agents
anthrax, botulism, plague, small pox, tularemia, Ebola
26
Examples of Class B bioterrorism agents
C. perfringens, E. coli 0157, Salmonella, Shigella, ricin toxin, typhus
27
Examples of Class C bioterrorism agents
emerging pathogens that could be engineered
28
What is the single most effective way to reduce the possibility of contaminating yourself?
hand washing
29
How long is HBV stable in blood products at 25C?
up to 7 days
30
Where should contaminated materials be disposed?
biohazard containers
31
What should an employee do if they get caustic chemicals on their skin?
rinse thoroughly with large amounts of running tap water for 5 minutes
32
What should an employee do if they get caustic chemicals in their eyes?
wash out eyes thoroughly with running water for minimum of 15 minutes and notify physician immediately
33
Safety features all clinical labs should have
fire extinguisher, safety shower, eye wash, safety glasses, fire blanket, first aid kit, spill kit, PPE
34
What does TC stand for?
to contain
35
What does TC mean?
contents of pipette should be rinsed out with the solution it is being added to
36
What does TD stand for?
to deliver
37
What does TD mean?
contents of pipette should be blown out
38
What should glassware that resists normal cleaning be cleaned with?
solution of potassium or sodium dichromate and concentrated sulfuric acid
39
What are two brand names of heat resistant glassware?
Pyrex and Kimax
40
What is a volumetric or transfer pipette?
bulb in center calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid; used when great accuracy is needed
41
What is a serological pipette?
graduated pipette delivers full volume mark to mark
42
What is an Ostwald-Folin pipette?
bulb close to delivery tip; used for viscous liquids
43
What is a graduated or measuring pipette?
delivers volume mark to tip
44
What does an etched ring near the mouth of the pipette mean?
pipette should be blown out
45
What is an Erlenmeyer flask?
flat bottom and sides that slope up to the neck; noncritical volumes, used for holding and mixing liquids, and preparing reagents
46
What is a beaker?
wide mouth, straight sides, spout for pouring; used for estimating liquid amounts for mixing, heating, and storage
47
What is a graduated cylinder?
cylindrical glass or plastic with several calibrated markings, available in 5mL to 2L; not used for precise volumes, but may be used for reagent water
48
What is a volumetric or Florence flask?
calibrated and used for more precise measurements
49
What is low actinic glass used for?
light sensitive solutions
50
What is the most common material used for plastic ware?
polyethylene
51
What is a primary standard?
reference material from which 99.95% of the chemical can be retrieved
52
What is a secondary standard?
reference material in which analyte concentration has been ascertained by reference to primary standard
53
What is AR?
analytical reagent that has a high degree of purity; most commonly used in clinical labs
54
What is CP?
chemically pure; limit of impurities that are tolerated, suitable for general applications
55
What is NF?
national formulary; less pure than CP, reagents meet specifications, used in medicines
56
What is USP?
United States Pharmacopeia; less pure than CP, reagents meet specifications, used in medicines
57
How is distilled water made?
boiled water, steam cooled, vapors collected, minerals remain behind; contains dissolved gases and organic solvents
58
What is deionized water?
water passes through charged resin particles; particles combine with ions present in water to remove the substances carrying electrical charges
59
What is double distilled water?
redistilled water with a higher degree of purity
60
What is reagent grade water used for?
ideal for reconstituting chemistry and coag products, preparing standards, and rinsing electrodes
61
How is reagent grade water made?
reverse osmosis, mixed bed deionization, activated carbon filtration, should be free of organic and inorganic particulate and soluble contaminants
62
How should reagents and chemicals be stored?
cool dry area, properly labeled, proper temperature, and within easy reach
63
What must a reagent label contain?
date it was made, name of the reagent, person who made it, cautions, and expiration date
64
What is the expiration date of a reagent if it is not specified?
one month
65
What steps must you take once you have transferred a chemical from the weigh boat into a receiving vessel to ensure an accurately prepared solution?
rinse weigh boat and funnel with solvent
66
What is a fixed angle rotor centrifuge?
cups are positioned at a fixed angle
67
What is a horizontal rotor centrifuge?
cups begin vertical but swing out horizontal while spinning
68
What is an ultracentrifuge?
can reach high speeds and used to separate specimens that may take several hours or days; can reach 100,000 rpms
69
What is a microhematocrit centrifuge?
used in hematology to centrifuge small amounts of blood for hematocrit determination
70
What is a refrigerated blood bank centrifuge?
table or floor model can spin large amounts of blood and it is refrigerated
71
What is a serofuge?
small centrifuge with only high/low speed for spinning serum and/or cell mixtures
72
What is a cell washer?
used in blood bank to wash RBCs
73
What is a cytospin centrifuge?
makes slides in a monolayer and used for body fluid analysis
74
What is the accuracy of a trip balance?
0.1 g
75
What is the accuracy of an analytical balance?
0.1 mg
76
What is the proper placement of an analytical balance?
flat, stable surface, away from heat source or air current, away from high traffic or movement
77
What does the glass enclosure on an analytical balance do?
protects the scale from air currents
78
What does the balancing screws on an analytical balance do?
levels the balance
79
What is the proper way to handle objects that are to be weighed?
with forceps or tongs

MLT 110 (5 decks)

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