Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm Drug Flashcards > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Procainamide

A

Class I sodium channel blocker
Like quinidine
Does not enter CNS
Lupus like in slow acetylators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Quinidine

A 
Class Ia sodium channel blocker 
Used for all arrhythmias
Decrease all muscle fxn
Anticholinergic effects (antiDUMBBELS)
SE: GI nausea vomiting
       Anorexia
       CNS- tinnitus, altered color vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disopyramide

A

Class Ia sodium channel blocker
Strong antivagal effects
Antimuscarinic effects opp dumbbels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lidocaine

A 
Class Ib sodium channel blocker
IV
Less likely to cause arrhythmia
Can enter CNS (tremors, seizures)
DOC for ventricular arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mexiletine

A

Class Ib sodium channel blocker

Like lidocaine but no first pass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Propanolol

A

Class II beta blocker
B1 in heart
Decreases firing rate of SA node
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Metoprolol

A

Class II Beta blocker
More selective, less B2 effects
SE: bradycardia, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Esmolol

A

Class II beta blocker
More rapid onset
SE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sotalol

A

Class III K channel blocker

Beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amiodarone

A 
Acts like all 4 classes
Most effective antiarrhythmatic
 *DOC in cardiac arrest*
SE: potentially fatal pulomary fibrosis
       Liver damage
       Corneal deposits, optic neuritis
       Skin deposits (blue gray coloration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dronedarone

A

Analog of amiodarone

Fewer SEs, less efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Verapamil
Diltazem
Nifedipine

A

Class IV Ca channel blockers

All but ventricular arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adenosine

A 
Coronary vasodilator
Given IV
decreases firing rate of AV node
T1/2 of 10 seconds
DOC for atrial tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glyceryl trinitrate

Nitroglycerin, GTN

A 
Treats angina
Rapidly dilates all BVs
(GTN - NO - guanylate cyclase - cGMP - vasodilation)
SE: hypotension, skin flushing, headache
   Rapid tolerance to NO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Treats angina
Slow release nitrate formulation
Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Digoxin

A

Inhibits Na/K ATPase
Causes Ca retention indirectly
Treats cardiac insufficiency by increasing contractility
SE: yellow/green vision tint
hallucinations
severe nausea, all intensifies with hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sildenafil
Vardenafil
Tadalafil
Avanafil

A

Inhibitors of type-5 cGMP phosphodiesterase
This corpus callosum PDE breaks down cGMP (smooth m relaxer)
…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Citric acid
EDTA
EGTA

A

Ca chelators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exonaparin

Dalteparin

A 
Partially purified heparin
T1/2 of 4 hours
More effect on Xa than thrombin
Less side effects, more predictable D-R
May cause spinal hematoma w/ tap or anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fondaparinux

Study These Flashcards
A

Synthetic heparin
T1/2 = 17 hours
Acts only on factor Xa
Can cross placenta, given IV

21
Q

Hirudin

Study These Flashcards
A

Anticoagulant in leech saliva

Directly inhibits enzymes and thrombin

22
Q

Bivalirudin
Desirudin
Argatroban

Study These Flashcards
A

Synthetic hirudin analogs
Inhibits thrombin
Treats HIT

23
Q

Warfarin

Study These Flashcards
A 
Vitamin K analog
Inhibits enzymes that recycle vitamin K
Must wait for clotting factors to degrade before it works
   (6 hours to 60 hours)
Metabolized by P450
Pregnant category X, OD give vit K
24
Q

Dabigatran

Study These Flashcards
A

Prodrug
Thrombin inhibitor
Works in 1 hour
Metabolized by P450

25
Rivaroxaban | Apixaban
Factors Xa & Xb inhibitors respectively Bleeding after spinal tap surgery Rapid onset
26
Vorapaxar
Thrombin receptor blocker Prevents aggregation of platelets SE: CNS hemorrhage
27
Ticlopidine Clopidogrel Prasugrel Ticagrelor
Platelet inhibitor inhibits ADP receptor SE: neutropenia agranulocytosis
28
Abciximab Tirofiban Eptifibatide
Fibrinogen receptor (GP IIb/IIIa receptor) inhibitors Prevents aggregation of platelets Given IV SE: thrombocytopenia
29
Aspirin
aka thrombin A2 COX inhibitor Inhibits thromboxane A2 synthesis
30
Cilostazol | Dipyridamole
PDE inhibitor | PDE breaks down cAMP, decreases platelet agg
31
Anagrelide
Decreases platelet formation, maturation, and number
32
Streptokinase | Urokinase
Urine plasminogen activator Stimulate endogenin Thrombolytic agent
33
TPA
Tissue plasminogen activator Thrombolytic agent Converts plasminogen to plasmin Hydrolyzes fibrin, degrades fibrinogen & fac V, VII
34
Heparin
Binds to antithrombin III and increases its affinity for clotting factors Made from cow lung and pig intestine slurry Low doses - inhibits factor Xa and forms thrombin High doses - inhibits factor IXa, XIa, XIIa and inhibits thrombin IV or subQ, T1/2 of 1 hr Degraded by heparinase, OD treat with protamine sulfate Long term use - osteoporosis and HIT
35
Epoietin alfa Darbepoietin Peginesatide
Cause excess of RBCs | Increase BP, clotting, MI, stroke
36
Hydroxyurea
Increase formation of fetal Hb fHb doesn't sickle Mutagenic, preg cat D
37
-statins
Prodrugs, most effective LDL lowering agent Inhibits HMG CoA reductase - RLS in cholesterol synthesis No cholesterol synesis, increase LDL receptors on cell, increase LDL uptake, decreases by 25-60% lowers VLDL synth SE: myositis, at worst rhabdomyolysis liver toxicity teratogenic, preg cat X some memory loss
38
Niacin | Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3
Inhibits enzymes for VLDL synthesis Increases HDL SE: skin flushing and itching (prevented by aspirin) increase uric acid, diabetes
39
Cholestyramine Colestipol Coleselevam
Highly charged cationic resins Irreversibly bind to bile acids in gut, excreted Decrease circulating cholesterol Increases LDL receptors SE: binds acidic drugs (digoxin) and oral anticoagulants decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins
40
Gemfibrozil | Fenofibrate
``` Best triglyceride lowering agents Binds to peroxisome proliferator acting receptor (PPAR) Increase transcription of LPlipase SE: GI upset Displacement of warfarin ```
41
Omega 3 fatty acids | Icosapent ethyl
Decreases triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting enzymes
42
Lomitapide
Inhibits assembly of VLDL in liver Enzyme and a transporter Hepatotoxic
43
Mipomersen
Antisense oligonucleotide Binds to mRNA for APOb Prevents APO synthesis
44
Ezetimibe
Blocks cholesterol transporters in intestine
45
Sitostanol
Looks like cholesterol, blocks uptake | Found in some margarines
46
Orlistat
Inhibits GI & pancreatic lipases Decreases fat absorption from gut Loose stool
47
Olestra
Unabsorbable fat.
63
Aminocaproic acid | Tranexamic acid
Hemolytic agent Enhance clotting in hemophiliacs or blood loss Inhibit plasminogen Latter is more potent

Pharm Drug Flashcards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions