Exam 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Pierre Bourdieu perspective
- conflict theorist
- theory of practice on the understanding of the relation between agency and structure
- key concepts: habitus, field, capital
What is field?
-where the agent is socialized
-an evolving set of roles and relationships in a social domain, where various forms of “capital” such as prestige or financial resources are at stake
-sense of the game: all of the external factors from accents to opinions, you take in and internalize
+Developed practical reasoning
+tastes
+opinions
+mannerisms and way of moving body
What is habitus
The agent internalizes relationships and expectations for operating in the field. These internalized relationships and habitual expectations and relationships form, over time, the habitus
+the individual is no longer aware of how you are reproducing culture
What is capital?
Resources of any form that can be articulated through social relations are capital
-produce inequality
-Examples
\+money
\+Networks
\+education
\+languageWhat is practice?
- behavior within a field of designed to best navigate social relations vis-a-vis capital
- outcomes vary due to lack of access to capital
Theory of Distinction
-Bourdieu claims that how one chooses to present one's social space to the world - one's aesthetic dispositions - depicts one's status and distance oneself from lower groups \+tastes in food, culture, and presentation are indicators of class because trends in their consumption seemingly correlate with an individual's fit in society
Power and practice
social agents operate according to an implicit practical logic - a practical sense and bodily dispositions
Reconciling Structure and agency
habitus and field are proposed to do so for they can only exist in relation to each other
-Symbolic violence: trying to use capital to manipulate others
What are the critiques of Bourdieu perspective?
-economic reductionist/structuralist and everything comes back to economics
What is Anthony Giddens perspective?
Structuration theory: the duality of structure
- social structure is both the medium and the outcome of social action
- structure IS agency
Theory of Structuration
- Explores the question of whether it is individuals or social forces that shape our social reality
- People make society, but are at the same time constrained by it
- Action and structure cannot be analyzed separately, as structures are created, maintained and changed through actions, while actions are given meaningful form only through the background of structure
Structure (rules and resources)
-Can act as a constraint on action, but it also enables action by providing common frames of meaning
+Rules and resources that people build on/draw upon that reproduce structural systems
-Culture is through the rules and resources
Synthesis of Agency and Structure (macro and micro)
These different levels have significant influence upon each other, and cannot be understood if studied in isolation
Critiques of Giddens
Doesn’t take into account stratification
Production of Culture
- Structure motivates human behavior
- Focuses on how the symbolic elements of culture are shaped by the systems within which they are created, distributed, evaluated, taught, and preserved
Production of Culture perspective
-Views both culture and social structure as elements in an ever changing pathwork
-Culture is not so much society-wide and virtually unchanging as it is situational and capable of rapid change
+A) Focues on the expressive aspects of culture rather than values
+B)Explores the processes of symbolic production
+C)Uses the tools of analysis developed in the study of organizations, occupations, networks, and communities
+D)Make possible comparisons across the diverse sites of culture creation
Six Facets Within the Field of Symbolic Production
- Technology
- Law and regulation
- industry structure
- organization structure
- occupational career
- Market
Technology
Provides the tools with which people and institutions augment their abilities to communicate, and changes in communication technology profoundly destabilized and create new opportunities in art and culture
Law and regulation
Create the ground rules that shape how creative fields develop
Industry Structure
Industrial fields tend to coalesce around new technologies, evolving legal arrangements, and newly conceptualized markets, a process identified as institutionalization
Organizational Structure
-Three forms of organization:
+Bureaucratic form with a clear cut division of labor
+Entrepreneurial form having neither a clear cut division of labor nor a many layered hierarchy committed to short term success (not stable, not powerful)
