Exam 3 Flashcards by John Metoyer

reapportionment

Redistribution of representation in a legislative body, esp. reallotment of U.S. Congressional seats according to census as req by constitution

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redistricting

Process of drawing electoral district boundaries in response to census results.

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gerrymandering

process of setting electoral districts in a way that a political advantage is gained by a particular party or group

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safe seat

A seat in a legislative body regarded as fully secured by a certain party or incubent

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representation

a system in which individuals stand in for a group

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pork

appropriation of gov spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative’s district

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casework/constituency service

Actions taken by members of congress and their staff to attend to the individual, particular needs of constituents.

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descriptive representation

elected representatives should be an accurate sample of their constituencies.

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party caucus

meeting of members of a political party to make decisions on policy and leadership

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Speaker of the House

Presiding officer of the House of Representatives. Second in line after the vice president, also leader of the majority party in the house - John Boehner

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Majority leader

The head of the majority party in charge of the party’s legislative agenda - Eric Cantor

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Minority Leader

The head of the minority party in charge of the party’s legislative agenda

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Majority Whip

member of majority party who works to maintain party unity and to gain support for party backed bills

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President pro tempore

member of minority party who works to maintain party unity and to gain support for party backed bills

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standing committee

permanent legislative panels established by USHP and US Senate rules. Consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration by their respective chambers.

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veto

option for a president to refuse a bill or joint resolution, can be overridden by a 2/3 vote in both Senate and House

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pocket veto

veto by inaction

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Budget and Accounting Act of 1921

Harding’s solution to provide a national budget system. President must submit an annual budget for entire fed gov to Congress.

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Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

Gave control of funds to Congress after Nixon cut or impeded the progress of programs he didn’t like.

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National Security Act of 1947

Realigned and reorganized the Armed Forces, foreighn policy, and intelligence community after WW2. Created the Air Force, combined Dept. of War with Navy. Created NSA and CIA

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War Powers Resolution of 1973

Intended to check presidential power to commit US to armed conflict without Congressional conscent. Potentially unconstitutional

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cabinet

the senior appointed officers of the executive branch, typically heads of departments, who advise the president and assist with carrying out his duties.

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Executive Office of the President

Immediate presidential staff as well as multiple levels of support staff

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Executive order

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dictate of the president with full force of law

Executive privilege

president and members of executive branch may resist subpoenas by legislative and judicial branches

going public

Presidential direct appeal to voters on issues to scare Congress into passing legislation that the president wants passed.

impeachment

parallel to being charged for a criminal offense, officials are tried by the house of representatives when crimes are committed.

bureaucracy

non elected officials who draw up specific policies for passed laws, largest branch of government.

Federal bureaucracy

totality of the departments and agencies of the executive branch of the national government

policy implementation

up to a bureaucracy, an interpretation of a broader law

department

generally the largest units in the executive branch, each headed by a cabinet secretary

bureau/agency

Generally a subunit of a cabinet department

independent commission

entity in executive branch outside immediate control of president and Congress that issues rules and regulations to protect the public.

patronage

Practice of distributing government offices and contracts to the supporters of the winning party; spoils system

Pendleton Act of 1883

bi-partisan Civil Service Commission to oversee appointments to executive branch posts on a merit system

Administrative Procedure Act (1946)

sets out procedures on how executive branch agencies must make their decisions; agencies bound by due process guarantees in fifth and fourteenth amendments

Freedom of Information Act (1966/1974)

enhances the ability of the press and private citizens to obtain information about bureaucratic policies and activities.

Sunshine Act (1977)

every meeting of an agency must be open to public observation

Federal District Court

94 district courts

Federal Court of appeal

13, guaranteed to be heard if there is an appeal

jurisdiction

list of factors, area, crime, that determine which court/agency is responsible for handling something

appellate jurisdiction

who gets what appeals

senatorial courtesy

if appointing a judge, check with local senator

writ of certiorari

request for court files to be sent up to next court

rule of four

four justices determine what cases are seen

legal model

facts, precedent, solved

attitudinal model

lawyer's best story, judge's morality,

stare decisis

legal doc stating precedent as a decider in a case

judicial activism

judges should set policy

judicial restraint

judges should take a backseat role

Eligibility requirements for serving in house of representatives

25 years old, US citizen for 7, resident of state you're running in

Eligibility requirements for serving in Senate

30 years of age, US citizen for nine years, resident of state to be elected in

Eligibility requirements for serving as President

natural born citizen, reside in US for 14 years, 35 years old

What are the Supreme court requirements

there are none

What are the four ways representatives are responsive to their constituents?

As a delegate, mirroring constituent views As a trustee, acting in best interest of public descriptive representation, being an ethnic sample for your constituency occupationally-

What are the leadership positions in the House and Senate and what functions do they fulfill

Speaker of the House, Majority/Minority leader, Majority/Minority whip

Two visions of presidency at Federal Convention of 1787

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What is the greatest source of judicial independence

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What are the two primary models of judicial decision making

Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint judicial activism is a method of policymaking supported more in recent years, contingent on marbury vs. madison decleration of judicial review. Judicial Restraint is view contingent on stare decisis that the supreme court exists to simply take care of cases

Exam 3 Flashcards

to get an A (59 cards)