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Hematolgy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

how is the promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

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2
Q

at what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of the myelocytic series take place?

A

myelocyte

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3
Q

how is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus:
meta—> kidney bean shaped
myelo—> round

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4
Q

how is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus:
band–>horse shoe shaped (uniform thickness)
meta—> kidney bean shaped

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5
Q

what cells contain granules that retain the acid portion of Wrights’s stain?

A

eosinophil

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6
Q

substance produced by granules of the eosinophil?

A

anti-histamine (basophils produce histamine)

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7
Q

what cells contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wrights’s stain and which may cover the nucleus?

A

basophils

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8
Q

what are mast cells?

A

tissue basophils

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9
Q

where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

where do T cells orginate?

A

thymus

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11
Q

how can you distinguish between T cells and B cells?

A

surface markers

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12
Q

during blastic transformation, B cells become what?

A

plasma cells

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13
Q

what cell has an eccentric nucleus with clumpled chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm, and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

A

plasma cell

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14
Q

where are plasma cells normally found?

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

what cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

A

golgi apparatus

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16
Q

monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as_____or ______ in the tissues

A

marcrophages or histocytes

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17
Q

where do monos originate?

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

monocyte appearance of chromatin, shape of nucleus, color of cytoplasm, prescence of pseudopodia or vacuoles

A

folded, irregular, lobulate nucleus, slate gray cytoplasm, vacuoles

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19
Q

what is the function of the monocyte

A

phagocytosis

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20
Q

characteristics that can be observed in neutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states and describe their apperance

A

Dohle bodies: RNA
toxic granules: blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

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21
Q

what are russell bodies?

A

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stain red

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22
Q

Alder-Reilly

A

abnormal azurophilic granulation

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23
Q

May-Hegglin

A

weird platelets, dohle like inclusions blue staining

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24
Q

Pelger-Huet

Study These Flashcards
A

dumbbell shaped hyposegmentation of neutrophils

25
what is the normal WBC count?
5-10 thousand
26
if blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood pipette, what is the resuting dilution?
standard WBC count; 1:20 dilution
27
given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?
average of both counts X 50
28
what effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?
none
29
several sources of error in the performance of manual WBC count
``` too much blood/diluent overfill/underfill hemocytometer cracks edema dirty hemocytometer ```
30
how does the normal WBC count vary during the day?
WBCs hang on wall at night and come off during movement during the day (margination)
31
what is the normal eosinophil count?
77-440
32
what can cause an increased or decreased eosinophil count?
increased: hypoadrenalism, allergies, parasitic infections, skin disorders, blood diseases decreased: anemia, hyperadrenalism, IM, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia
33
to compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustments in the procedure is made when doing a manual eos count?
increase the volume counted | entire hemocytometer
34
name two other hemocytometers that can be used for eosinophil and basophil counts
speirs/Levy | Fuchs-rosenthal
35
several factors that can results in an excessively pink Wrights stained smear
too acidic-overwashed or under staining
36
factors that can result in an excessively blue smear
too alkaline-underwashed or overstained
37
3 things are always performed when doing a differential count?
RBC morphology count and classify 100 cells platelet count estimation
38
what is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear?
segmented neutrophils
39
the least common WBC?
basophils
40
the most common WBC in a child?
lymphocytes
41
What is a "shift to the left" and in what conditions is it likely to occur?
``` increase in young cells (increase in bands) occurs in CML (infection) leukemia bacterial infections inflammation pregnancy ```
42
what is the largest WBC in a normal peripheral blood smear?
monocyte
43
which cells are classified as NRBCs on a PBS?
blast cells, prorubricytes, rubricytes, metarubricytes
44
if large numbers or NRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count?
they are counted as WBCs this will increase the WBC count (may falsely increase the WBC count)
45
how can you correct a WBC count?
(WBCx100)/(100+NRBCs)
46
where are platelets produced?
bone marrow
47
what is the largest blood cells normally produced by the body?
megakaryocyte
48
what is the endomitotic division?
nucleus divides, cytoplasm just enlarges, multinucleated cell
49
what is the normal platelet count?
150000-400000/mm3
50
what method employs the phase contrast microscope in couting platelets?
Brecker Cronkite
51
how is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?
``` entire square=0.1^3 1:100 dilution 0.1/100=1000 #cells x 1000 ```
52
what criteria is used to estimate platelets in a PBS?
100x oil objective in area where RBCs barely touch. 7-22 platelets per OIF considered normal platelet count.
53
reddish purple in blast inclusion
Auer rod
54
pale blue remenants of RNA
Dohle bodies
55
decreased segmentation of neutrophils
Pelger-Huet
56
Azurophilic granulation of all white cells
Alder-Reilly
57
dark blueish black cytoplasm granules
toxic granulation
58
what do you used a differential for
to monitor therapy picture of overall health diagonosis of disease

Hematolgy (7 decks)

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