Exam 3 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Which mycobacterium has a very broad host range, including badgers and brush tail possums?
A
Mycobacterium bovis
2
Q
What is the reservoir for Mycobacterium leprae?
A
armadillo
3
Q
What is the main host for Mycobacterium lepramurium?
A
cats
4
Q
Which mycobacterium is dependent on Mycobactin for growth?
A
M paratuberculosis
5
Q
What organism causes Johne’s disease?
A
M avium susp. paratuberculosis
6
Q
What can cause a false negative on ELISA when testing for Johne’s disease in the late stages?
A
anergy
7
Q
Are mycobacteria gram positive or negative?
A
gram + (and acid fast +)
8
Q
Are spirochetes gram negative or positive?
A
gram -
9
Q
Which spirochete causes swine dysentery?
A
Bradyspira hyodysenteriae
10
Q
T/F B pilosicoli has a synergistic relationship with other anaerobes in the colon.
A
T
11
Q
Which organism causes lesions only in the large intestine, creating a sharp demarcation at the ileocecal junction?
A
Bradyspira
12
Q
Which organism causes rabbit syphilis?
A
Treponema paraluis (caniculi)
13
Q
Papillomatous digital dermatitis is caused by which organism?
A
Treponema
14
Q
Other names for papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)?
A
hairy heel warts, strawberry foot disease
15
Q
Treatments for strawberry foot disease?
A
spray feet with antibiotic, formaldehyde foot baths
*caution carcinogens
16
Q
Borrelia burgdorferi causes what?
A
lyme disease
17
Q
What organism causes avian borreliosis?
A
B anserina
18
Q
outer surface proteins in B. burgdorferi
A
C -> A in midgut of tick
A -> C in salivary glands of tick
C in mammals in early infection
19
Q
Which ticks transmit B. burgdorferi?
A
ixodes scapularis (east US) and ixodes pacificus (west US)
20
Q
How do you interpret a lyme test?
A
clinical signs but negative test = retest
no clinical signs but positive test = subclinical
*only treat in endemic areas
21
Q
Do you always treat for Borrelia burgdorferi?
A
No, most infections are subclinical
Can give dogs doxy in endemic areas
*vaccine decreases incidence
22
Q
How would an animal acquire a Leptospira infection?
A
direct contact with infected urine or water
23
Q
What is a concern with a leptospira infection in a dog?
A
chronic kidney disease
24
Q
To diagnose a leptospira infection in early stages (week 1-2), what should you PCR?
A
blood
25
To diagnose a leptospira infection in later stages (week 3-4) what should you PCR?
urine
26
What type of immunity is most important for a lepto infection?
humoral
27
Which organism could cause blood tinged milk in a cow?
L. pomona
28
What does L. borgpetersonni cause in cattle?
reproductive failure due to embryonic death and repeat breeding
*vaccine
29
How should you collect urine to diagnose Leptospira?
catch urine midstream and give Lasix
30
Which lepto organisms infect horses?
L. pomona and L. grypptyphosa
31
T/F Rickettsiales are facultative intracellular and gram +
F: obligate intracellular and gram -
32
Which organisms are in the family Anaplasmataceae?
anaplasma
ehrlichia
neorickettsia
33
What cells does anaplasma infect?
myeloid cells, neutrophils, RBC
34
T/F Anaplasma marginale is reportable.
T
35
Which tick transmits A. marginale?
Boophilus microplus
36
Which organism causes undulating febrile disease?
A. marginale
37
Which cells does A. phagocytophilum infect?
neutrophils and eosinophils
38
Clinical signs of A. phagocytophilum?
fever (not undulating), leukopenia, splenomegaly
39
Which cells does A. platys infect?
platelets
40
What organism causes infectious canine thrombocytopenia?
A. platys
41
T/F Rickettsiae are motile
F
42
What causes RMSF?
Rickettsia Rickettsii
43
What is the first clinical sign for RMSF?
vasculitis (infect endothelial cells)
44
What can cause RMSF to be fatal in dogs?
severe necrosis in extremities
45
Are there vaccines for rickettsia?
nope
46
What is the common name for Coxiella burnetti?
Q fever
47
Is C burnetti reportable?
yes, bioweapon
48
What is the main host of C burnetti?
sheep
49
What is important to remember when treating Q fever?
need an alkalinizing agent to kill in the phagosome
| *chloraquine + tetracycline
50
T/F you can't distinguish C. psitticai and C. burnetti clinically?
T
51
Which cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?
WBC; obligate intracellular
52
What causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?
E. canis
53
What does E. chaffeensis cause?
human monocytic ehrlichiosis
54
What does E. ewingii cause?
canine granylocytic ehrliciosis
55
What causes African heartwater?
E. ruminatum
56
Clinical signs of african heartwater?
capillary damage -> edema
damage to cerebrocortical capillaries = neuro signs
fever
57
Important diseases of Neorickettsia:
Salmon poisoning : N salmincola
| Potomac Horse Fever
58
Do mollicutes have a cell wall?
no
59
What do non-hemotrophic mollicutes look like in culture?
fried eggs
60
What causes avian mycoplasmosis?
M. galliseptican *reportable
61
What does M. synoviae cause?
synovitis = lameness, reduced growth
| sternal bursitis in turkeys
62
M meleagridis and M iowae in turkeys
airsacculitis, skeletal deformities, decreased growth, decreased egg hatchability
63
What causes contagious bovine pleuropnemonia?
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (small colony variant)
| *reportable
64
What gross lesions does CBPP cause?
microabscesses in lung tissue
65
Which mycoplasma cause mastitis?
M bovis, M californicum, M canadense
66
What causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia?
M capricolum subsp capripneumoniae
67
What causes contagious agalactia of sheep and goats?
M agalactiae and M putrefaciens
68
What causes porcine enzootic pneumonia?
M hyopneumoniae
69
What clinical signs are caused by M hyorhinis?
lameness, arthritis, polyserositis
70
Which mycoplasma infect horses?
M felis -> pleuritis
| M equirhinitis -> respiratory disease
71
Which mycoplasma infect cats?
M gatae
| M felis
72
Which mycoplasma infect dogs?
M canis
| M cynos
73
Which mycoplama infects mice and rats?
M pulmonus
74
Is there a vaccine for CBPP?
Yes, live attenutated used in enzootic areas
75
What are the clinical signs of hemotrophic mollicutes?
hemolytic anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia
76
What causes feline infectious anemia?
M haemofelis
| *co infection with FIV/FeLV
77
S shaped or gull-winged in pairs
campylobacter
78
Which organisms cause food gastroenteritis in humans?
C jejuni and C coli
79
How do you get C jejuni or C coli?
undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water
80
What is the toxin produced in the genus Campylobacter?
CDT
81
What is the predilection site for C fetus venerealis?
preputial crypts of bulls
82
Predilection site for C fetus fetus?
intestines, gall bladder of ruminants
83
Signs of bovine genital campylobacteriosis?
anasarca, metritis with grayish brown exudate
84
Which organism causes donut lesions in fetal liver?
Campylobacter fetus susp fetus and C jejuni
85
What organism can be found in 50% chickens ceca?
C jejuni
86
Can you use tetracycline for campylobacter infections in sheep and goats?
No, there is resistance -> use Tilmicosin
87
T/F there is no vaccine for C jejuni
T
88
T/F arcobacter can survive lower temps than campylobacter
T
89
What does urease do as a virulence factor for Helicobacter?
increases the pH of the stomach making the environment more favorable for the bacteria
90
Which organisms produce CDT ?
campylobacter and helicobacter
91
What causes porcine proliferative enteropathy?
Lawsonia intracellularis
92
T/F pigs can be infected with lawsonia without normal flora?
F: interaction with normal flora required for disease
93
T/F Chlamydia RB is metabolically active and infective
F: metabolically active but non-infective -> EB is infective
94
What does chlamydia abortus cause?
abortion in sheep and goats in a cyclic pattern
95
What does chlamydia felis cause?
conjunctivitis in kittens (also infects iguanas)
96
Which animals does chlamydia pneumoniae infect?
horses and koalas (mostly asymptomatic)
97
Which chlamydia infects birds?
C. psittaci
98
Clinical signs of C. psittaci?
yellow droppings, lethargy, respiratory distress, trembling in ducks and decreased egg production
99
How long do you treat birds infected with C. psittaci?
45 days -> still often die
100
Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
eukaryotic
101
T/F fungi are anaerobic
false, most are aerobic
102
What is the unicellular form of fungus?
yeast
103
What are the multicellular forms of fungus?
molds or mushrooms
104
What do you call yeast in chains?
pseudohyphae
105
Molds that have cross walls are...
septate
106
Molds that have dark pigment are called?
dermatiaceous
107
T/F dimorphic fungi are yeasts at room temperature and mycelial in tissue
F: yeast in tissue and mycelial at room temperature
108
T/F fungi mostly reproduce by asexual reproduction
T
sporulation
hyphae fragmentation
budding of yeast
109
What is important about griseofulvin for treating fungal infections?
teratogen
110
T/F if a Woods lamp doesn't detect dermatophytes, the animal doesn't have ringworm
F
111
ringworm in dogs
Microsporum canis
112
Which dermatophyte is cigar shaped?
Trichophyton
113
T/F in the parasitic state only hyphae and spores (arthroconidia) are seen
T: you won't see macroconidia
114
What can you add to a skin scrape of ringworm to improve visualization?
KOH, ink
115
What causes ringworm in cattle?
Trichophyton verrucosum (calves)
116
Ringworm in horses ?
T equinum, M equinum
117
Which animal does microsporum nanum infect?
pigs
118
What causes avian ringworm?
Microsporum gallinae (favus)
119
What do colonies of Candida albicans look like?
white and shiny, beer smell
120
What causes terry-toweling or sour crop in chickens?
Candida albicans
121
The "germ tube" formation is characteristic of which fungus?
Candida albicans
122
Which fungus has a large mucoid polysaccharide capsule?
Cryptococcus neoformans
123
Where are serotypes B and C of C neoformans found?
Eucalyptus trees and gum trees
124
Which species is infected by Cryptococcus neoformans?
Cats -> rhinitis, lesions on face
125
What can Malassezia pachydermatitis cause?
otitis, seborrheic dermatitis
126
Which fungus has peanut shaped yeast?
Malassezia
127
What causes rose handler's disease?
Sporothrix schenkii
128
Important host for S schenkii?
cats
129
What does S schenkii look like microscopically? In culture?
cigar shaped, colonies are white to cream with wrinkled aerial hyphae
130
Can S schenkii cause disseminated disease?
Yes, in immunosuppressed dogs and any cats
131
Where is blastomyces dermatitidis found in the US?
east
132
Where are the lesions of B dermatitidis found?
primary: lungs
secondary: skin and other organs
133
Colony morphology of B dermatitidis?
white cottony aerial hyphae
134
T/F Blastomyces have narrow buds?
F: broad based buds!
135
Which animal is most affected by blastomyces?
hunting dogs
136
What causes "valley fever"?
coccidioides immitis
137
Where do you find coccidioides immitis?
southwestern US
138
Where are lesions of coccidioides immitis?
primary: lungs
secondary: bones
139
What is the microscopic appearance of coccidioides immitis?
barrel shaped spores in chains
140
Where is histoplasma found?
Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys (overlaps with blastomyces)
141
How can you distinguish histoplasma from blastomyces?
histoplasma are small budding yeast cells, found intracellularly in phagocytes
142
Which breeds of dogs are most susceptible to histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum?
pointing breeds, weims, brittany spaniels
143
What causes epizootic lymphangitis?
histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum
| aka african horse farcy or pseudoglanders
144
Where do you find lesions of african horse farcy?
on the skin, neck and legs mostly, tracking along lymphatics
145
What do colonies of histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum look like?
oatmeal cookies!
