Exam 3

Question 1

This super group of organisms, ______, is believed to have evolved from an ancient protest ancestor that engulfed cyanobacterium; can be unicellular, colonial or multicellular.

Answer 1

Archeaplastida

Question 2

List the sequence of taxonomic groups from largest to smallest.

Answer 2

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species

Question 3

This phylum of organisms, ______, has the following characteristics: are dioecious, have a complete digestive tract, a coelom, larvae have bilateral symmetry and adults have pentaradial symmetry, internal skeleton made of Ca plates; sea cucumbers & sea urchins are examples

Answer 3

Echinodermata

Question 4

What are the two types of autotrophs?

Answer 4

Photoautotrophs

 - E from light
 - C from CO2
 - Plants, cyanobacteria, domain bacteria

Chemoautotrophs

 - E from inorganic chemicals
 - C from CO2

Question 5

What are the two types of heterotrophs?

Answer 5

Photoheterotrophs

 - E from light
 - C form organic compounds
 - Extreme halophiles

Chemoheterotrophs

 - E & C from organic compounds
 - Humans

Question 6

What are the Microbial Eukarya supergroups?

Answer 6

Excvata
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans

Chromalveolata
     Aveolates
           Ciliate
           Dinoflagellates
           Apicomplex
           Stramenpiles

Rhizaria
Ameobas

Ameoboza

Question 7

Archaeplasida

Answer 7

• Beleved to evolve from an ancient protest ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium
• Can be unicellular, colonial, multicellular

Question 8

Excvata

Answer 8

Excvata - feeding grove, modified mitochandria, different flagella, photosynthetic
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans

Question 9

Chromalveolata

Answer 9

• heterotrophic cells engulfed photosynthetic cells
• Unicellular

Chromalveolata
Aveolates - small sacs under plasma membrane
Ciliate - cillia
Dinoflagellates - marine
Apicomplex - paracitic
Stramenpiles - characteristic flagella

Question 10

Amoeboza

Answer 10

• lobed/tube shaped psuedopods
• free-living
• Parasitic
• Slime molds

Question 11

Animals are unique in the fact that they have ___ for movement and ____ for conducting signals between cells.

Answer 11

Muscles, Nervous tissue

Question 12

The fossils of Tiktaalik Roseae represent the evolutionary link or transitional group between the birds and early mammals

True/ False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Which statment is false about reptiles?

A: They are endothermic
B: They hace internal fertilization and the fertilized egg may develops inside the female
C: They are coelmate and bilateral organisms
D: All groups of reptiles directly or indirectly evolved from the cotylosaurs
E: They have an amniote egg

Answer 13

A: They are endothermic

Question 14

Echinodermata

Answer 14

• Dioecious
• Have a complete Digestive tract
• A coelom
• Larvae have bilateral symmetry
• Adults have pentaradial symmetry
• Internal skeleton made of calcium plates
• Sea cucumbers & Sea urchins are examples

Question 15

Pterophyta

Answer 15

• Have vascular tissue and a cuticle
• Sporophyte generation is the dominant one
• Rhizome present
• Do not produce seeds
• Sperm moves in dew or water
• Occur in the tropics and moist areas

Question 16

Cnidaria

Answer 16

• Rudimentary nervous system and muscle like cells that are involved in limited motion
• Have a polyp and/or medusa stage
• Tentacles w/ cnidocytes w/ nematocysts
• Adults are radially symmetrical consisting of a sac w/ a single opening surounded by tentacles
• Examples: Sea anemones, hydras

Question 17

Nematoda

Answer 17

• some species are monoecious and other species are dioecious
• some species are parasitic and others are free living
• Pseudocoelom present
• tube w/in tube body plan
• Complete digestive tract
• Cuticle
• Well developed set of longitudinal muscles but lack circular muscles
• Examples: Round worms

Question 18

Why are Scientific names are important?

Answer 18

Their use avoids the confusion caused by common names

Question 19

Porifera

Answer 19

• Are asymmetrical or have radial symmetry
• Crystalline spicules and/or protein fibers present
• Choanocytes and amoebocytes present
• Generally considered to be colonies or coordinated but more or less independent cells
• All species are aquatic, most marine

Question 20

Rhizaria

Answer 20

• Unicellular
• Thread-like pseudopods
• Can undergo phagocytosis
• Examples: Foraminiferans, Radiolarians

Question 21

In terms of the number of species, the most successful phylum on the planet is the ______; and based on early embryological development, the phylum, ______, is closest to the chordates

Answer 21

Arthropoda, Echinodermata

Question 22

Both birds and mammals share the physiological characteristics of endothermy. How do these animals maintain a high body temp?

Answer 22

They have high metabolic rates

Question 23

Mollusca

Answer 23

• Some species have a well developed brain and sense organs
• A head region, visceral mass, foot, and mantle
• Well-developed circulatory and digestive systems
• A coelom
• Some species have gills while others have a radula
• Examples: Nudibranchs

Question 24

Annelida

Answer 24

• Segmentation
• Well-developed digestive, circulatory, & nervous systems
• Gas exchange occurs across the body surface
• Some species are monoecious and others are dioecious
• Examples: Leeches and polychaetes

Question 25

Fish are _____, and have a _____ chambered heart

Answer 25

Ectothermic, Two

Question 26

Platyhelminthes

Answer 26

- Bilaterally symmetrical - well developed reproductive organs and systems - Polyembryony may occur - Some species monoecious others dioecious - Some species have incomplete digestive systems - some species lack a mouth and digestive tract - Examples: Planarians & cestodes

Question 27

What is the group of worm-like animals having characteristics of both echinoderms and chordates, and believed to be the transitional form between the two?

Answer 27

Hemichordates

Question 28

Which statement is false about birds? A: They have a 4 chambered heart B: They are ectothermic C: Feathers are evolutionary derivatives of reptile scales D: Many species have a light body with hollow bones E: The ground theory provides an explanation on the possible organisms that gave rise to birds

Answer 28

B: They are ectothermic

Question 29

Stamens are the female reproductive structures in Anthophytes. True/False

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Dispersal stages consisting of 1+ photosynthetic cells surrounded by fungal hyphae are called ______.

Answer 30

Soredia

Question 31

Sporophyte vs Gametophyte

Answer 31

Sporophyte (2n) | Gametophyte (n)

Question 32

Bryophyta

Answer 32

- Small in height - Occur in damp terrestrial areas - Have waxy covering - Sperm move through water and dew - Mosses are and example

Question 33

Which statement is false about Amphibians? ``` A: They are ectothermic B: They exchange gases through the lungs, skin, and mouth lining C: They have external fertilization D: They have a four chambered heart E: They lack an amniotic egg ```

Answer 33

D: They have a four chambered heart

Question 34

Arthropoda

Answer 34

- Exoskeleton - Variety of appendages modified for various functions - Well developed complete digestive track - Water absorption in hindgut - Open circulatory system - Keen sense organs - Some capable of flight - Examples: Spiders & crustaceans

Question 35

Kelp, which sometimes forms underwater forests is actually a multicellular protist called ________.

Answer 35

Brown alge