exam 3 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
322 B.C.E.
A
death of alexander the great; kingdom split among his generals
2
Q
characteristics of Ptolemaic rule
A
relative peace
3
Q
Antiochus Epiphanes
A
was a person who campaigned for forced hellenization (society becoming more greek)
4
Q
4 ways hellenization enacted
A
- forbid torah practices: circumcision, observance of sabbath, and dietary practices
- destroyed jewish scripture
- forbid offerings and sacrifices to yahweh
- mandated offerings and sacrifices to greek deities
5
Q
maccabean revolt
A
- started by a jewish family who didnt want to conform to greek ways
- retake and purify temple
- gain liberty and freedom from the greeks
6
Q
Herod antipas
A
client ruler of galilee
7
Q
pontius pilate
A
perfect (governor) of judea
8
Q
joseph caiaphas
A
high priest in jerusalem
9
Q
common beliefs during the time of the gospels
A
monotheism, divine election, centrality of torah, temple
but, diversity even in relation to these shared beliefs
10
Q
pharisees
A
- purity concerns for daily life;
- written and oral traditions of the torah are authoritative (oral- interpretative; tradition of the elders)
- privatized purity by extending dietary regulations to the home
11
Q
sadducees
A
- wealthy aristocrats connected with temple (high priest)
- authority to written torah only (no belief in afterlife, angles, demons, etc)
- roman corroborators (had to show loyalty to the romans)
- institutionalized purity in the architectural space of the temple
12
Q
essenes
A
- sectarian groups,
- purity concerns,
- community discipline
- connected with dead sea scrolls
- isolated purity by creating an alternative community
13
Q
zealots
A
- revolutionary group against roman rule in the 60s;
- first jewish revolt (66-73)
- politicized purity by engaging in armed conflict with the roman soldiers
14
Q
what year was the jerusalem temple destroyed by the romans?
A
70
15
Q
samaritans
A
- claim to be israelite descendants
- mt. gerazim
- have their own version of the torah
16
Q
purity
A
reflects a concern for the way in which group/community boundaries are maintained and/or the torah is rightly interpreted
17
Q
early christians
A
- represent another group within judaism
- internalized purity by making holiness a matter of the heart/ or replaced paradigm of holiness with a paradigm of compassion/mercy/justice
18
Q
alternative names for the early christians
A
“the way”
“the sect of the nazoreans”
“christians”
19
Q
nature of the gospels
A
- written according to the practices and assumptions of antiquity
- ancient biographies that express the evangelists (and their respective communities) particular beliefs about the theological significance of jesus
20
Q
modern biography characteristics
A
- degree of objectivity
- intended to inform general audience
- provide psychological development of the subject
21
Q
ancient biography characteristics
A
- faith perspective
- intended to teach followers(imitaion)
- capture the essence of the subject (each story says something about who jesus is
22
Q
sources for reconstructing the “historical jesus”
A
the canonical gospels and possibly the gospel of thomas
-attempt to discern what is from the evangelists and what goes back to jesus (remember portraits not photographs)
23
Q
assured results of the historical jesus
A
- galilean jew of the early 1st century
- baptized by john the baptist
- mission and ministry centered on the kingdom of god (teachings, miracles, associations)
- messianic entry into jerusalem for passover and disturbance in the temple
- arrested by caiaphas (jewish high priest) who recommended execution to pilate (roman governor)
- pilate ordered the execution of jews
24
Q
nature of the gospels
A
- written according to the practices and assumptions of antiquity
- ancient biographies that express the evangelists (and their respective communities) particular beliefs about the theological significance of jesus
25
sources for reconstructing the "historical jesus"
the canonical gospels and possibly the gospel of thomas
-based on a historical methodology which intends to discern what is from the evangelists and what goes back to jesus (remember portraits not photographs)
26
the gospels
- authors are anonymous
| - gospels are written 35-70 years after jesus's death
27
the gospels are based on
- oral traditions
| - earlier written sources
28
state the nature of the gospels
| (the 6 bullets of jesus' life
1) a galilean jew of the early 1st century, born sometime between 7 and 4 BCE
2) baptized by john the baptist
3) mission and ministry centered on the kingdom of god- teachings, miracles, and associations
4) about 30 CE, a messianic entry into jerusalem for the passover festival and a disturbance in the temple
5) arrested by jewish high priest, caiaphas, who recommended execution to the roman governor pilate.
6) pilate ordered the execution (crucifixion) of jesus
29
synoptic gospels
matthew, mark, and luke
30
the word synoptic means
"seen together"
31
the challenge to explain the relationship between the synoptic gospels is known as
the synoptic problem
32
the dominant theories that provide a solution to the synoptic problem are
- markan priority (written first) with Q
- markan priority without Q
- matthean priority
33
alternatives to studying sources and traditions of the gospels
theological and literary design
34
characteristics for reading theological and literary design
- read as creative, intentionally shaped narratives
| - present the story of jesus in light of the theological and library concerns of the evangelists
35
- climaxes with peter's confession, "you are the christ" (8:29)
- set in and around galilee
- Jesus the "sower" (word and deed) of the kingdom of god
mark 1-8
36
- climaxes with centurions confession, "truly this man was the son of god" (15:39)
- set on the way to and in jerusalem
- jesus the suffering messiah/son of god
mark 9-16
37
structure of marks gospel
narrative structure:
-Dramatic, Opening Prologue – 1:1-15
- Ministry in and around Galilee: powerful in word and deed – 1:14—8:26
- Interpretive Center – 8:22—10:52.
- Ministry on the way to and in Jerusalem: the suffering messiah/son of God – 10:32—15:47
- Dramatic, Open-ended Conclusion – 16:1-8
38
function of marks prologue
- provides the reader with privileged information not available to the characters in the story
- creates dramatic irony
39
structure of marks prologue
1. title
2. quotation of scriptures and john the baptist
3. jesus' baptism
4. jesus tested and tempted in the wilderness
40
marks portrayal of jesus' ministry in galilee
1. jesus is powerful in word and deed (miracles exorcism etc)
2. growing popularity with the crowds
3. growing hostility with the leaders
4. growing obtuseness and dimwittedness of the disciples
41
the messianic secret
the practice of jesus silencing the confessions by the demons, those healed, and the disciples
42
reasons for silencing those who speak of the messianic secret
- mark creates apologetic purposes to explain why jesus was not believed to be the messiah during his earthly ministry
- actual practice of the "historical jesus" for the political purpose of avoiding popular notion of messiah in his attempt to reinterpret the mission of messiah
- a motif functioning within the narrative for the theological purpose of deflecting emphasis from jesus' miracles and on to his suffering
43
marks interpretive center:
| narrative inclusion
- healing of a blind man, although it takes two tries
| - healing of the blind bartimaeus
44
marks interpretive center:
| 3 major sections following this structure
jesus' Passion Prediction
Disciple’s misunderstanding
Teaching about the true nature of Discipleship
45
marks interpretive center:
| significance
- the "way of the lord" becomes defined in terms of suffering
- bartimaeus as a true disciple, unlike the still blind disciples
- "open" discussion of suffering vs. secret of glorious sonship
46
jesus' openness about his messiahship: triumphal entry
jesus defines his messiahship in light of zechariah 9:9
| -humble pleasant king riding in on a donkey, not a war horse
47
jesus' openness about his messiahship: prophetic of the temple
jesus performs prophetic action against the temple
48
intercalation
literary device where one story is inserted into another so that the two stories are interpreted in light of one another (fig tree and temple purification story)
49
jesus' openness about his messiahship: anointing of bethany
concepts of suffering and messiahship are united by jesus in this anointment as preparation for the burial
50
jesus' openness about his messiahship: direct "I am"
jesus unambiguously answers the high priest when he asks "are you the messiah, the son of the blessed one"
51
relations to jesus' role as the suffering son of god; crucified messiah
dark, lonely, forsaken death
- agony in the garden
- betrayal of jesus by peter
- abandoned/deserted by other disciples
- denied by peter
- darkness comes over the land
- -cry of forsakenness (saying on the cross)
52
marks portrayal of baptism paralleled to death
- spirit comes into jesus>jesus expels his spirit
- the heavens are torn apart>the curtain is torn apart
- "you are my beloved son"> "truly, this man was gods son"
53
conclusion of marks gospel
dramatic, open-ended conclusion
- "a young man dressed in a white robe" (compare to young man in linen running off naked; shame but hope)
- "even peter" (3 denials; characteristics of "this adulterous and sinful generation") "those who are ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation..."
- "they said nothing to anyone for they were afraid"
54
structure of matthew
thematic inclusion:
Begins with Jesus’ birth as “Emmanuel, which means, ‘God with us’”
Ends with the resurrected Jesus saying, “I am with you always”
55
the gospel of matthew...
contains 5 major divisions based on the expression "and when jesus finished..." in 7:28, 11:1, 13:53, 19:1 and 26:1
56
structure of matthew
- 5 major divisions
- thematic inclusion
- moses typology
57
subject of discourse in matthew
```
Sermon on the Mount (5:1—7:27)
Missionary Discourse (10:5-42)
Teaching in Parables (13:1-52)
Community Instructions (18:1-35)
Apocalyptic discourse (24:3—25:46)
```
each having the formula ending "and when jesus had finished"
58
5 divisions of matthew
| corresponds to the 5 books of moses
Narrative, inauguration of ministry – Chs. 3-4
Discourse 1, sermon on the mount – Chs. 5-7
Narrative, ten miracle stories – Chs. 8-9
Discourse 2, missionary discourse – Ch. 10
Narrative, growing opposition – Chs. 11-12
Discourse 3, teaching in parables – Ch. 13
Narrative, miracles and disciples – Chs. 14-15
Discourse 4, community instructions – Ch. 18
Narrative, to and in Jerusalem – Chs. 19-23
Discourse 5, apocalyptic discourse – Chs. 24-25
59
significance of 5 major divisions of matthew
jesus is the new moses
| corresponds to the 5 books of moses (also the 5 books of psalms)
60
matthews moses typology
see quizlet
61
matthews providential beginning: geneology
– “So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David to the deportation to Babylon, fourteen generations; and from the deportation to Babylon to the Messiah, fourteen generations” (1:17).
-7x2: divinely appointed time
62
matthews genealogy: content
includes women: tamar, rahab, ruth, uriah
- all are probably gentiles
- all stories include something that could be considered scandalous
- all act decisively in relation to the law of gods plan
63
narrative, inauguration of ministry
- baptism "to fulfill all righteousness"
| - temptation 3 times; responds by quoting scripture
64
comparison of temptation narratives
```
wildreness:
turn stone to bread(matthew)
turn stones to bread (luke)
temple:
throw self down (matthew)
"led him up":
world wide authority(luke)
"very high mountain":
worldwide authority(matthew)
temple:
throw self down (luke)
```
65
lukes formal preface relates to
- other gospels “Since many have undertaken to compile a narrative”
- history of israel “concerning the events that have been fulfilled among us”
- other writings of antiquity “I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very beginning, to write an orderly account”
- christian community “so that you, most excellent Theophilus, may know the certainty/solidity about the things which you have been instructed”
- acts “I made the first book, O Theophilus, about everything that Jesus began to do and to teach until the day when—after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he chose—he was taken up” (Acts 1:1-2).
66
lukes writing style in chapters 1-2
writing style and content reflects and imitates jewish scripture/septuagint
67
parts of annunciation stories
in luke- to zechariah, mary, and sheperds
1. angels appear
2. fear
3. message
4. objection
5. giving of sign
68
the psalms and the "canticles" of luke
- marys praise for child
- zechariahs prophecy (benedictus)
- heavenly hosts praise
- simeon's praise
69
Lukes Characters that parallel OT
- Zechariah/Elizabeth= Abraham/Sarah
| - Mary=Hannah
70
motif in lukes- acts
Promise-Fulfillment
| Luke's Gospel acts as a continuation of Biblical history and the story of Israel
71
infancy of jesus in luke
- Gabriel Appears to Mary
- Tax of Quirinus
- Stale, Swaddling clothes, manger
- Angels and Shepards
- Joyous beginning
72
Places where Holy Spirit is seen in Luke
- Jesus' baptism
| - Temptation (leads, fills, empowers)
73
Jesus at Nazareth Synagogue – 4:16-21
1. The public announcement of Jesus’ messianic vocation and the programmatic statement of his ministry.
- Jesus’ appeal to Isaiah is a claim to Israel’s prophetic tradition and to the mantle of Isaiah’s “servant of God.”
- Jesus is implicitly identified here as God’s anointed one, the Messiah.
- Jesus’ mission/ministry is a work of liberation and fulfills the promise to deliver and restore Israel, and it prefigures the inclusion of the Gentiles.
Acts as commentary
“God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power; . . . he went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him” (Acts 10:38).
74
parable found only in Luke
- Good Samaritan
- Prodigal Son
- Rich Man and Lazarus
75
Models of Discipleship in Luke
- Mary (sister of Martha)
| - Zachchaeus
76
motif in lukes gospel
wealth
77
ways jesus' innocence is emphasized
The Righteous Martyr
- Pilate's 3 declerations
- Herod finds no fault
- The criminal's statement
- Centurion's declaration "certainly...this man was innocent"
78
Scriptural background for Jesus as a righteous martyr
Isaiah 53:11 "The righteous one, my servant..."
79
Acts as commentary to Martyrdom
"Jesus, whom you hades over and rejected in the presence of Pilate, though he had decided to release him. But you rejected the Holy and Righteous One...You killed the author of life"
80
Maccabean Martyrs as a background
Idea of one suffering which bring benefits to others
81
jesus' Sayings on the Cross in Luke
"Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."
"Truly, I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
"Father, into your hands I commend my spirit."
82
Luke's "Great Commission"
Disciples to the proclamation of repentance and forgiveness of sins (year of the Lord's favor/ Jubilee)
83
What happens to Jesus at the end of Luke's Gospel
jesus ascends to heaven
84
Luke's Temple Inclusio
- Begins in the Temple with Zachariah offering incense
| - Ends in the Temple with the disciples praising God
85
how does johns gospel begin
cosmic beginning
86
structure of johns gospel
1. Prologue, a cosmic beginning
2. "Book of Signs"
3. "Book of Glory"
4. Epilogue
87
Cosmic Beginning: Conceptual Background- Wisdom
- Pre-existent agent of creation (created everything)
- Agent of redemptions ("whoever finds me (Wisdom) finds life")
- Wisdom personified, Word incarnate (in the flesh)
see lecture notes for quotes
88
What is meant by a "Scriptural" beginning in Luke's Gospel?
- chapters 1-2 reflect and imitate the Jewish scriptures.
| - The story of Jesus is a continuation of the story of Israel. Still reading the Jewish scriptures
89
Jesus in the manner of Wisdom
"in-fleshed" pre-existent Word who was with God before creation, who was the agent of creation, and who is the agent of
"eternal" life.
90
In the Gospel of John, rather than telling parables, Jesus ___________
is the parables
91
An "I am" statement with predicate:
jesus is the parables
92
Are there any parables in the Gospel of John?
no
93
An "I am" statement without predicate implies a claim to _______________________________
divine identity and authority, OT background: "I AM WHO I AM" (Moses)
94
BOOK OF GLORY
| John's version of the Lord's supper
the foot washing
95
BOOK OF GLORY
| the “Farewell” discourse
- Unity of the Father and Son
- Unity of the Son and the disciples
- Promise of the “Paraclete”
- jesus prays for his disciples
