Exam 3 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
personality
A
an individual’s unique set of behavioral traits
2
Q
factor analysis
A
correlations among many variables that are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables
3
Q
5 factor model or personality traits
A
robert mcCrae and Paul Costa
agreeableness neuroticism extraversion openness to experience conscientiousness
4
Q
Freud’s psychoanayltic theory
A
the id, ego, and superego
5
Q
id
A
the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle (immediate gratifcation)
6
Q
ego
A
decision making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle (delaying the ids urge for instant gratification)
7
Q
superego
A
moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong
8
Q
levels of awareness
A
conscious
preconscious
unconscious
9
Q
conscious
A
whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time
10
Q
preconscious
A
material that is just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved
11
Q
unconscious
A
thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the conscious level but exert great influence on behavior
12
Q
defense mechanisms
A
largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from an unpleasant emotion
13
Q
repression
A
keeping thoughts in the unconscious
14
Q
projections
A
attributing ones thoughts to another person
15
Q
displacement
A
diverting emotions to a new target
16
Q
reaction formation
A
behaving opposite of feelings
17
Q
regression
A
reversion to immature behavior
18
Q
rationalization
A
creating false yet plausible excuses to justify
19
Q
identification
A
bolstering self esteem by formation gan imaginary alliance
20
Q
psychosexual stages
A
oral anal phallic latency genital
21
Q
fixation
A
failure to move forward from one stage to another
22
Q
archetypes
A
emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
23
Q
collective unconscious
A
storehouse of latent memory that trace to your inherited ancestral past
24
Q
compensation
A
effort to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing ones abilites
25
birth order
effects personality traits and formations (Adler)
26
Skinner and personality
determinism
response tendencies acquired via experience
personality is a collection of response tendencies tied to various stimuli situations
operant conditioning
27
determinism
behavior is solely determined by external stumuli
28
bandura: social cognitive theory
personality is shaped though learning because people are actively seeking out information and processing information to maximize favorable outcomes
observational learning
self efficacy
29
self efficacy
ones belief about ones ability to perform behaviors that lead to the expected outcomes
30
Mischel: person-situaiton controversy
people make response to what they think will reinforce the situation at hand
people behave differently in different situation
31
humanism
theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
32
Carl Roger's self centered Theory
a collection of beliefs about ones own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior
33
Abraham Maslow
hierarchy of needs and self actualization
34
Eysencks theory
personality is shaped by genetics
| some people can be conditioned more easily than others
35
social pscyhology
the way individuals thoughts feelings and behavior are influenced by others
36
person perception
process of forming impressions of others
37
stereotypes
widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics bc of their membership in a particular group
38
illusory correlation
people estimate they have encountered ore confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen
39
ingroup
a group one belongs to and identities with
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outgroup
a group one does not belong or identity with
41
attributions
inferences people draw about the cause of events, others behavior and their own behavior
42
internal attributions
ascribe the cases of behavior to personal disposition,, traits, etc.
43
external attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints
44
fundamental attribution error
observer bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior
45
self serving bias
attributing ones success to personal factors and ones failure to situational factors
46
conformity
people yield to real or imagined social pressure
47
Solomon Asch
large card w vertical line
which line matches
6/7 in each group were an accomplice to the experimenter
37% conformity
as group numbers increase conformity will increase
48
information influence
people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous decision making
49
obedience
a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands
50
Milgram's study
subject=teacher
experimenter=learner
strap learner to the chair and each question wrong they were given a shock and shock would increase each time
teachers were fearful yet compliant
51
Zimbardos Stanford Prison Study
simulated a prison setting
confrontations arose
cruelness was extreme
52
social roles
widely shared expectations on how people should act in certain positions
53
bystander effect
people are less likely to help someone in need in a larger crowd than when alone
54
Clinical psychologist
diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral issues
55
pscyhiatrist
diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
56
insight therapy
verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self knowledge and promote healthy change in personality and behavior
57
psychoanalysis
emphasizes record of unconscious conflict, motives, and defenses through free association and transference
58
client centered therapy
supportive emotional climate where clients set the pace
59
group therapy
simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
60
behavior therapy
application of principles of learning and conditioning to direct effects to change clients maladaptive behavior
61
systematic desentization
reduces phobic response
62
cognitive therapy
specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders
63
cognitive behavioral therapy
combo of verbal intervention and behavior modifying technique to change maladaptive thinking
64
biomedical therapy
physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psycho disorders
65
electroconvulsion therapy
biomedical treatment where electric shock is used to produce cortical seizure accompanied by convulsion
66
medical model
useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
67
diagnosis
distinguishing one illness from other
68
etiology
apparent causation and developmental history of the illness
69
prognosis
forecase of probable course
70
criteria for abnormal behavior
deviance from the norm
maladaptive behavior
personal distress
71
diagnosis and statistic manual of mental disorders
elaborate system of classifying mental disorders
72
generalized anxiety disorder
chronic, high level anxiety the is not tied to any specific threat
73
specific phobia
persistent and irrational fear of something that presents no realistic danger
74
panic disorder
recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectantly
75
Agoraphobia
fear of going to in public places
76
OCD
persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals
77
PTSD
enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of trauma
78
dissociative amnesia
sudden loss of memory for important personal info that i stop extensive to be due to normal forgetting
79
dissociative identity disorder
disruption of identity marked by the experience of 2 or more largely complete and different personalities
80
Major depressive disorder
people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
81
bipolar disorder
experience of depressed and manic periods
82
anhedonia
inability to experience pleasure
83
dysthymia
mid-long term depression
84
schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior
85
delusion
clear beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly our of touch with reality
86
hallucination
sensory perceptions that occur in absence of real external stimuli or gross perceptions of distortion
87
personality disorder
extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational funcitoning
88
antisocial personality disorder
impulsive, callous, manipulative , aggressive, irresponsible behavior
89
borderline pd
instability in social relationships, self image and emotional functioning
90
narcissistic pd
grandiose sense of self image and importance and entitlement and need for attention and admiration
91
eating disorder
severe disturbance in eating characterized by preoccupation w weight control
92
anorexia nervosa
intense fear of weight gain, disturbed body image and refusal to maintain normal weight, use of weigh loss to dangerous measures
93
bullimia nervosa
habitually engaging in out of control binge eating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts
94
binge eating
distress induced eating binges not accompanied w compensatory efforts
