Exam 3 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Clostridium Spp.
- Transmission
- Aerobic/Anaerobic?
- Common symptom
A
- Spore forming and toxin producers
- OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
- Necrosis common
2
Q
Clostridium Spp. effective and ineffective treatments
A
- Do not respond to aminoglycosides
- Susceptible to Metronidazole
3
Q
Histiotoxic Clostridium Spp.
A
1) C. chauvoei
2) C. novyi
3) C. septicum
4
Q
C. botulinum
A
- Botulism Food Poisoning
- Aquatic birds eating maggots
- Consumption of neurotoxin
- Dx: Demonstration of toxin in serum/food
5
Q
Type of paralysis caused by C. botulinum and MoA
A
Flaccid paralysis
-Blocks release of Ach
6
Q
C. tetani
A
- spore forming
- Soil & Environment: Wounds of animals produces neurotoxin (tetanospasmin)
7
Q
C. tetani paralysis
A
Spastic paralysis
-blocks release of GABA
8
Q
C. perfringens
A
- Sheep and goats: enterotoxemia (Type D)
- Piglets: Necrotizing Enteritis (type C)
- Focal symmetrical and encephaomalacia
- Pulpy kidney Dz
- Many spp. (+poultry): necrotizing enteritis
9
Q
C. dificile
A
- Human and Monogastric Mammals: Colon/cecum
- young are resistant
- Risk: Recent ABx use, old age, hospitalization
- Tox A (enterotoxin) and Tox B (cytotoxin)
10
Q
C. spiroforme
A
Enterotoxic (rabbits)
- Explosive Diarrhea Disease
- Due to clindamycin, lincomycin, and erythromycin
11
Q
C. piliforme
A
GRAM NEGATIVE!!!
- Lab animals: Tyzzer’s Dz (GI)
- Obligate intracellular –> no culture!
12
Q
C. chauvoei
A
HISTOTOXIC
- calves and sheep
- black legs
- gas accumulation
13
Q
C. novyi
A
HISTOTOXIC
- cattle and sheep
- Gas gangrene (black dz)
- Infectious necrotic hepatitis
14
Q
C. septicum
A
HISTOTOXIC
- Malignant edema
- Sheep: Braxy (abomasal edema)
15
Q
Diagnostic for Histotoxic Clostridium
A
DFA (Direct Fluorescent Antibody)
16
Q
Clostridium botulinum disease name (Hint: not botulism)
A
Limber Neck
17
Q
Spirochetes
A
- Gram negative
- Slender, helicaly coiled, spiral organism
- Tight/Loose coiled morphology due to flagella in PERIPLASMIC space
18
Q
Leptospira spp.
General features
A
- Renal tubules of reservoir animals and humans
- Trans: Direct contact w/ urine or contaminated H2O
- Dx: blood and urine (PRC & FA) + Serum (MAT 4 fold increase)
19
Q
Leptospira spp. in dogs
A
renal and hepatc injury –> icterus
-Vaccine: Serovar specific –> paradoxical reaction w/ titers
20
Q
Leptospira spp. in Ruminants
A
Jaundice & MILK DROP syndrome
-Reproductive Failure
21
Q
Lepto spp. in Horsses
A
- Renal and repro failure
- Uveitis
- Systemic Foal Dz
22
Q
Lepto spp. in Pigs
A
Repro failure (abortion and infertility)
23
Q
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae
- Disease/Host
- Can be confused with
A
- Swine dysentary in actively growing pigs (6-12wk)
- Can be confused with salmonellosis
24
Q
Brachyspira Hydodysenteriae
-MoA & Dz
A
- Invades intestinal crypts –> pseudomembrane formation –> malabsorption
- fibrinonectrotic pseudomembbranous colitis
25
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
- Location
- Transmission
- Dx
- Lesions in CECUM/COLON
- Transmission: Fecal-Oral route, carriers and vectors
- Dx: PCR, Stain (Victoria Blue)
26
Borrelia burgdorferi
- Disease/Host
- Transmission
- Signs
- Tx
- Vaccine
- Lyme Dz: Humans, Dogs, Horses, Ruminants
- Arthropod Vector
- Fever, acute arthritis, lameness, and anorexia
- Tx: Doxycycline
- Vx: Not 100% effective, works on tick
-LPS and Outer Surface Proteins
27
Treponema Spp
| Common names
Hairy Heel warts//Strawberry Foot Disease
28
Treponema Spp Dz
Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis (PPD)
| -Growing cause of lameness of cows in the US dairy industry
29
Treponema Paraluis-cuniculi
- Names
- Lesions
- Trans
- Rabbit syphilis/vent disease
- Perianal facial lesions
- Transmission: venereal or direct contact
30
Rickettsiales treatment
Doxycycline, tetracycline, Macrolides
31
Rickettsia rickettsii
- Endothelial cells: will cause vascullitis (pads willl start to die), edema, DIC
- RMSF (Z!)
- Dogs: severe necrosis on extremeties
- Decrease platelets and leukocytes
32
Rickettsia felis
Transmission by cat flea (Z!)
| Inapparent infections in cats
33
Psicirickettsia salmonis
(R)
Farmed fish (Chiles, Norway, Canada)
Difficult to control
34
Which three are in the typhus group
Rickettsia prowasekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tsutsugamushi
35
Rickettsia prowasekii
Louse-borne rickettsia
| All domestic animals
36
Rickettsia typhi
Murine typhus
| Opossum/Flea cycle
37
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Scrub typhus
| Chigger mites from rodents/birds
38
Anaplasma marginale/centrale
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
REPORTABLE
- Ruminants (old not resistant)
- Anaplasmosis & Tick Fever (+Babesia)
- Erythrocytes
39
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
- Horse/Rum/Dogs/Human
- Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
- Granulocytes (Neutrophils)
40
Anaplasma platys
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
- Dogs
- Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia
- Platelets
41
Ehrlichia canis
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
- Dogs
- Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis & Tropical Pancytopenia of Dogs
- Monocytes & Endothelium
42
Ehrlichia chafensis & Ehrlichia ewingii
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
-Dogs/Humans
-Human granulocytiic ehrlichiosis
Granulocytes
43
Ehrlichia ruminatium
- Species
- Disease
- Cell
- Ruminants REPORTABLE
- Heartwater (Heart and Neuro)
- Endothelium/Granulocytes
- Heart full of fluid --> like vasculitis will cause leakage of fluid
44
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
- Species
- Disease
- Cells
- Dogs
- Salmon Poisoning Disease (N. salmincola fluke)
- Mononuclear cells
- Fever, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy
45
Neorickettsia risticii
- Species
- Disease
- Horses
- Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis & Potomac Horse Fever
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
46
Neorickettsia risticii
- Cell
- Trans
- Season
- Dx
- Epithelium, macrophages, and monocytes
- Spread by trematode (IH: Snails/Flies @ water)
- June to October
- PCR
47
Coxiella burnetii
REPORTABLE
- Q Fever: rum/humans (endocarditis)
- Arthropods/Airborne (endospore)
- Epithelial cels
- Lactating Mammary glands and uterus (abortions)
48
Chlamydia spp.
- Zoonotic
- Obligate intracellular bacteria
- Gram Neg Type Cell wall
- Susceptible to tetracyclines
49
Chlamydia Spp. Life Cycle
Dimorphic Life Cycle:
- -Reticulate body: intracellular replicating form
- -Elementary body: extracellular dormant form
50
Chlamydia abortus
- Enzootic abortion in sheep and goats
- Shed in placenta
- Transmitted: venereal, ingestion aerosol
- Placentitis: Necrotizing cotyledons
51
Chlamydia felis
Feline pneumonitis
- Infection common in cats
- Conjunctivitis and chemosis
52
Chlamydia pecorum
Stiff lamb disease: polyarthritis in lambs and calves
| -sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (SBE)
53
Chlamydia psittaci
REPORTABLE/ZOONOTIC
- Avian Chlamydiosis, parrot fever
- Shedding activated by stress
- Respiratory signs in birds
54
Mycoplasma (AKA Mollicutes)
| Features
NO CELL WALL:
- No gram staining
- Not susceptible to penicillin
- Susceptible to drying
- Pleomorphic
55
Mycoplasma
- Where?
- Transmission
- Diagnostics
- Treatment
- Mucous membranes: resp and repro
- Persistent infections
- Transmission: Close contact
- Specialized cultures: PCR, MALDI TOF
- Tx: Macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, or fluoroquinolone
56
Reportable Mycoplasma and Host
- M. galliseptcum (Birds)
- M. synoviae (Birds)
- M. capricolum (Sheep/Goats)
- M. agalctiae/putrefaciens (Sheep/Goats)
- M. mycoides sbsp mycoides (Cattle)
57
M. mycoides subsp mycoides (small colony variant)
REPORTABLE
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Exotic and reportable
*most virulent in cattle
58
M. bovis
cattle
- bronchopneumonia (bovine resp disease complex)
- Mastitis (Supramammary l.n. enlarged)
- arthritis
59
Ureaplasma diverum (mycoplasma)
Cattle
- Granular vlvovaginitis
- Urease toxin
- Seminal vesiculitis in bulls
60
M. bovigenitalum
Cattle
- Commensal
- Mastitis/Urogenital tract infection
61
M. bovoculi
Cattle
| -conjunctivits
62
M. capricolum subsp capripneumoniae
Sheep/Goats
REPORTABLE
-Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
-Fatal disease
63
M. capricolum subsp capricolum
non-fatal disease
| sheep/goats
64
M. agalactiae/putrefaciens
```
Sheep/Goats
REPORTABLE
-Contagious agalactiae
-Febrile mastitis
-arthritis and conjunctivitis
```
65
M. mycoides subs mycoides (lg colony variant)
SHEEP and GOATS
- Mastitis
- Pneumonia
- arthritis
- fatal septicemia in young
66
M. mycoides subsp capri
Sheep/Goats
| pleuropneumonia
67
M. hyopneumoniae
Pigs
- Enzootic pneumonia
- Chronic respiratory dz in weaner-grower pigs
- Mitogenic activity produces hyperplasia BALT
- Vaccine Available
68
M. hyorhinis
Pigs
| Polyserositis
69
M. hyosynoviae
Pigs
| Polyarthritis
70
M. suis
Pigs
| Anemia
71
M. gallisepticum
REPORT/Birds
- Chronic respiratory dz
- Turkeys: respiratory sinusitis
- decreased egg production
72
M. synoviae
REPORT/Birds
- Synovitis
- Lameness, swelling of joins, stunted growth
73
M. meleagridis/iowae
birds
| respiratory dz
74
Which mycoplasma is important in horses?
M. felis
75
Which mycoplasma is important in felines?
M. haemofelis
76
M. felis
associated mild lower airway disease/pleural effusion in horses
(also affects cats)
77
M. haemofelis
Feline Infectious Anemia
- Affects RBCs
- Fever, anemia, depression, icterus, weakness
- RISK FACTORS: Splenectomy/immunosuppresion
78
Which campylobacter did we discuss being zoonotic
C. jejuni
79
Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis
```
REPORTABLE
-Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis
-Endometritis and abortions
Prepucial crypts in bulls (no dz in bulls)
-STD: AI Transmission
```
80
Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus
- Placentitis and sheep abortion storm
- Intestinal tract and gall bladder
- Ovine genital campylobacteriosis: inflammation of placenta and abortions
- NECROTIC DONUT SHAPED LESIONS IN FETAL LIVER
- Cattle: occasional abortions
81
Campylobacter jejuni
ZOONOTIC
- Enteric dz in dogs/cats/poultry
- Abortions in ruminants (Due to bacteriemia)
- Transmission PO or Fecal-oral; Humans: Contaminated poultry
- Dx: culture/PCR
82
Dog/Cat Dermatophytes
- Ringworm
- Parasitizing only keratinized epidermal structures
- Produce macronidia IN CULTURE
- Dx: Woods lamp (M. canis only), DTM, SabDex
- Lime sulfur, miconazole shampoo, oral antifungals
83
Three genera of Dermatophytes and Tx
1) Microsporum
2) Epidermophyton
3) Trichophyton
Tx: Griseofulvin
84
Equine dermatophyte spp
- T. equinum
| - M. canis (young horses)
85
Cattle dermatophyte spp
T verrucosum (Calves)
86
Pig dermatophyte spp
M. nanum (no age predilection- uncommon)
87
Poultry dermatophyte spp
M. gallinae (favus- combs and wattles)
88
Three spp of pathogenic yeast
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Malassezia pachydermatis
89
Candida albicans
```
Yeast
Worldwide: lots of animals and humans
-Intestinal/genital tracts (moisture)
-Germ tube formation
-transition to pseudohyphae form for tissue invasion
-Poultry: sour crop
```
90
Cryptococcus neoformans
Yeast
- Cats (and other animals)
- PIGEON FECES
- Rhinitis, nasal granulomas, Cat CNS, oculuar and cutaneous infections
- Large capsule and narrow neck when budding
91
Malassezia pacchydermatis
YEAST
- Otitis externa
- Dermatitis
- Feline chin acne
- Peanut shaped yeast
92
Sporothrix schenckii (Dimorphic fungii)
- Rose handler's disease (Z!)
- Cats, horses (lymphatics), and dogs worldwide
- SubQ nodules and ulcerations
- Cigar shaped yeast
93
Coccidiodes immitis (Dimorphic fungii)
- Valley fever (SW US)
- Dogs, horses, cats
- Primary: Lungs
- Secondary: Bones
- Cats: skin lesions more prominent
- Dogs: dsseminated disease
94
Blastomyces dermatitidis (dimorphic fungi)
Dogs, cats & horses + HUMANS (Z!)
- East N. Am.
- Primary: Lungs
- Secondary: eyes and skin (spread to lymph)
- Broad budding
95
Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum (dimorphic fungi)
Dogs, cats from Bird/Bat feces
- Intracellular in phagocytes
- Mississippi/Ohio River Valley
- Primary: lungs
- Secondary: GI (dogs)
96
Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum (dimorphic fungi)
- Epizootic lymphangitis
- African horse farcy
- Horses in Africa: skin lymphatics on legs and neck
97
Phythium insidiosum and Lagenidium
| Fungal-like organisms
Cutaneous pythiosis/swamp cancer
- Horses: cutaneous
- Dogs: Cutaneous and intestinal
98
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Fungal-like organisms)
- Amphibian chytrid fungus
| - Skin of amphibians- attack keratinized structures (vent) leading to suffocation and death
99
Prototheca (algae)
Dogs
- Hemorrhagic enteritis
- Tx is different and difficult
