Exam 3

Question 1

The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.
True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.
True or False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.

True or False

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.
True or False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In mammals ventilation is tidal.

True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.

True or False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The left ventricle of the heart contains more muscle.

True or Flase

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.
True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.
True or False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?

Answer 11

Pleural Cavity

Question 12

To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.

Answer 12

valves

Question 13

Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.

Answer 13

hemoglobin

Question 14

The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.
True or False

Answer 14

False

Question 15

When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.
True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:

Answer 16

The circulatory system.

Question 17

When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.
True or False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).
True or False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.
True or False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 20

External intercostal muscles

Question 21

The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.

Answer 21

sinoatrial node

Question 22

There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.

Answer 22

myoglobin

Question 23

The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.
True or False

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells.
True or False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.

Answer 26

1. Ph values | 2 partial pressure values

Question 27

When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.

Answer 27

1. kidney releases renin 2. renin activates angiotensin 3. angiotensin causes vessels to constrict 4. arterial pressure rises

Question 28

The heart contains two circuits. Name them.

Answer 28

pulmonary and systemic

Question 29

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen. True or False

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

Answer 30

Speeds conversion of CO2 to H2CO3

Question 31

The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node. | True or False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations. True or False

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood. True or False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting. | True or False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.

Answer 35

alveoli, surfactant

Question 36

In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells. True or False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs. | True or False

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’ s capsule. True or False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day. | True or False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule. True or False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. | True or False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The kidney controls the water balance in the body. | True or False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine. | True or False

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron. | True or False

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. | True or False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus. True or False

Answer 46

False

Question 47

The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds. | True or False

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?

Answer 48

reabsorption to restore calcium levels

Question 49

The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.

Answer 49

ureter, urinary bladder

Question 50

Urine leaves our body through the urethra. | True or Flase

Answer 50

True

Question 51

The Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney. True or False

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine. True or False

Answer 52

True

Question 53

In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials. True or False

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid True or False

Answer 54

False

Question 55

The neural tissues are:

Answer 55

Spinal cord, sensory neurons, and brain

Question 56

Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire. True or False

Answer 56

False

Question 57

The post-synaptic cell can be:

Answer 57

In glands, muscle cells, neurons

Question 58

In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is:

Answer 58

calcium ions

Question 59

The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal. True or False

Answer 59

False

Question 60

The terminal web:

Answer 60

is a site of exocytosis

Question 61

The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. True or False

Answer 61

True

Question 62

The central nervous system (CNS) contains:

Answer 62

There is no correct answer

Question 63

The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K- ATPase pump. True or False

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons. True or False

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor. True or False

Answer 65

False

Question 66

The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be defined as inhibitory or excitatory. True or False

Answer 66

False

Question 67

The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs. True or False

Answer 67

True

Question 68

The resting potential of neurons is:

Answer 68

The answer is not listed

Question 69

Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes. | True or False

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel. True or False

Answer 70

False

Question 71

When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate. True or False

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell. True or False

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells. True or False

Answer 73

False

Question 74

The action potential is

Answer 74

A result of the movement of ions.

Question 75

Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. True or False

Answer 75

False

Question 76

Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin. | True or False

Answer 76

False

Question 77

Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis. True or False

Answer 77

True

Question 78

When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to glucose to provide more energy. True or False

Answer 78

True

Question 79

Insulin is a ligand. | True or False

Answer 79

True

Question 80

The medulla of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine (i.e., adrenaline). True or False

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Vitamin D is really a hormone. | True or False

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Insulin is produced by alpha cells. | True or False

Answer 82

False

Question 83

Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol | True or False

Answer 83

True

Question 84

The Parasympathetic Nervous System is triggered is trigger to act by exposure to epinephrine. True or False

Answer 84

False