Exam 3 Flashcards
High Vowels
Low F1
Low Vowels
High F1
Fronted Vowels
High F2
Backed Vowels
Low F2
List Resonant Consonants
/j w l r m n ŋ/
Resonants similarities to Vowels
- Periodicities
- visible Formants
Resonants differences from Vowels
- Lower F1
- Lower Amplitude
/j/
Low F1 & High F2
no steady state, only visible in transition
/w/
Low F1 and Low F2
no steady state, only visible in transition
/l/
Lighter Formants, lower intensities
Low F1 Low F2
/r/
Especially low F3
may see merge into F2
Nasals
/m n ŋ/
Velopharyngeal port opened.
Low and Strong F1,
other formants less intense
Obstruents
airflow restriction, aperiodic sound source
/f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ b p t d k g/
Fricative Consonants
Forcing air through a narrow constriction
Turbulent air stream
/ʃ ʒ/
~ 2500+ Hz
palatal alveolar
/s z/
~ 4000 Hz
Alveolar
/f v θ ð/
Energy is spread evenly
Stops
NEAR SILENCE
sudden closure creates transient burst
Bilabial low
Alveolar high
Velar Stop
~2,500 Hz
Alveolar
~4,000 Hz
Bilabial
> 1,000 Hz
Sound Source for Vowels & Resonant Consonants
Phonation in larynx
sound source= quasi periodic
Sound Source for Fricatives and Stop Bursts
Voiceless = aperiodic
Voiced = both aperiodic & quasi periodic
Diphthongs
Position changes during production.
