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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Integrated patterns of human behavior

A

Culture

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2
Q

The tendency to believe that what people do reflects who they are

A

Fundamental attribution error

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error is also called

A

Correspondence bias or attribution effect

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4
Q

Over-generalized belief about a particular category of people

A

Stereotypes

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5
Q

Negative attitude or feelings based on stereotype towards category of people and its individual numbers

A

Prejudice

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6
Q

Negative and unequal treatment of individuals based on their group membership

A

Discrimination

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7
Q

PAUSE

A

Pay attention, acknowledge, understand, search, execute

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8
Q

When is PAUSE used

A

Culturally responsive care

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9
Q

Attitudes, knowledge, and skills that allow integration and translation of knowledge about various cultures into the practice of pharmacy

A

Cultural Competence

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10
Q

Acknowledgement of one’s own barriers to true intercultural understanding

A

Cultural Humility

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11
Q

Platinum rule

A

Treat others as they would want done to them

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12
Q

Unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a certain social group

A

Implicit Bias

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13
Q

The ability to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors and to tailor that to the needs of the patient

A

Cultural Competence

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14
Q

What determines health and differences in health

A

Social determinants, time, endowments

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15
Q

Endowments

A

Something given and cannot be changed (Genetics)

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16
Q

Health disparity

A

Difference as a result of factors other than clinical appropriateness and patient preference

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17
Q

Discrimination

A

Differences as a result of bias

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18
Q

Health Difference

A

Clinical appropriateness and need, patient preference

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19
Q

Donabedian framework

A

Structure of care and process of care leads to health outcomes.
Interventions should target structures and processes to improve outcomes and decrease disparity

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20
Q

Iron trianlge

A

Quality of care, cost containment, access to care

Can only pursue two of the 3 dimensions without the third being sacrificed

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21
Q

Equality

A

Equal opportunity

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22
Q

Equity

A

Equal outcome

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23
Q

In health and health care what is the opportunity and what is the outcome

A

Health care is the opportunity, health is the outcome

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24
Q

Stereotype

A

Exercise our mind

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25
Prejudice
Exercise our emotions
26
Discrimination
Exercise our will
27
Ideas of professionalism given to pharmacy
Law, code of ethics, specific knowledge, formalized institutions to pass on knowledge
28
Social object of pharmacy
Optimizing drug therapy
29
4 outcomes that improve patient quality of life
Cure of disease, reduction/elimination of symptoms, arresting/slowing of disease symptoms, preventing disease or symptoms
30
5 causes of patients non-quality of life
Inappropriate prescribing, delivery, behavior by patients, monitoring, and patient idiosyncrasy
31
Most important cause of patient non-quality
Inappropriate monitoring
32
Pharmaceutical care
Responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improves a patients quality of life
33
Components of the Communication accommodation theory (CAT)
Approximation, interpretability, emotional expression, discourse management, interpersonal control
34
Approximation
speech patterns
35
Discourse management
Asking questions, taking turns, non-verbals, listening
36
Interpersonal control
Patient centered/shared decisions, balance of power
37
Health literacy
Ability to perform tasks related to function in the health care environment
38
Components of health literacy
Reading, writing, numeracy, speaking, listening, understanding concepts
39
What can help with health literacy?
SILS, REALM, teach back, open ended questions, plain language
40
REALM
Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine
41
SILS
Single item literacy screener
42
State of complete well-being includes physical, mental, social, spiritual
Health
43
Objective phenomenon/pathology characterized by altered or abnormal functioning
Disease
44
Subjective phenomenon including physical and social state
Illness
45
Ability to meet obligations and roles as defined by others as a result of disease or illness
Sickness
46
Theory
Things you can observe and how those are inter-related
47
Purpose of a theory
Useful for understanding, planning, implementing, evaluating
48
Kleinman model
Explanatory model of illness
49
Kleinman model elements
Severity, timing and mode of onset, pathophysiology, natural history (Course), etiology (cause), treatment
50
Reaction to illness
Denial, action, emotion
51
Reaction to abnormality
Hide/mask or seek fix
52
Health behavior
Activity by a person who believes self health
53
Health belief model domains
Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers
54
Health belief model elements
Demographic/psychosocial variables, perceived threat, decisional balance, cues to action, likelihood of taking action
55
Patient Centered Care
Identifying and responding to patients ideas and emotions regarding their illness and reaching common ground regarding treatment
56
Biomedical model
Better treatment, but patient is in a passive role and health is considered absence of disease
57
4 habits model
Invest in the beginning, elicit patient's perspective, demonstrate empathy, invest in the end
58
When is the 4 habits model used
Patient centered care
59
Framework for understanding the stages individuals progress through toward adopting and maintaining health behavior change
Transtheoretical model/stages of change
60
5 stages of change
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
61
RULE
Resist the righting reflex, understand your patient's motivations, listen to your patient, empower your patient
62
OARS
Open ended questions, affirming reflective listening, summarizing
63
Self expressed language that is an argument for change to the healthy behavior
Change talk
64
SOLER
Face Squarely or at an angle, open posture, lean forward, eye contact, relax
65
Primary non-adherence
Not starting the prescription
66
Secondary non-adherence
Anything after the script has been picked up
67
Medication non-persistence
Prematurely stopping medication, secondary
68
Impact of non-adherence
30-50% of people are non-adherent, expensive, causes 125,000 deaths
69
Direct assessment of medication
Lab values, sensors, direct observation
70
Indirect assessment of medication
Interview, self-report, pharmacy record, med counts
71
Dimensions of non-adherence
Health care or system factors, patient related factors, therapy related factors, condition related factors, social and economic related factors
72
DRAW actions
Simplify regimen, organize medications and refills, understand, educate, motivate, reduce cost, address cognitive issues, follow up
73
Self-deception
Problematic assumption regarding respect, judgement of meaning applied by self to action/comment by other
74
Suicide statistics
44,193 die annually 1 Million attempts each year, 10th leading cause of death, 2nd for our age range
75
Suicide best practices
Ask directly, listen and support, validate feelings, connect resources

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