Exam 3 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the endocrine system?
A
To regulate body activities via hormones
2
Q
Describe pituitary
A
Gland the size of a pea located at the base of the brain which relates to the growth hormone. Referred to as the master gland.
3
Q
Describe thyroid
A
Largest endocrine gland located in the neck. It controls metabolism
4
Q
What is the difference between hypethyroid and hypothyroid?
A
Hyperthyroid involves excessive thyroid activity while hypothyroid involves a deficiency in thyroid activity
5
Q
adeno
A
gland
6
Q
adreno / adrenal
A
adrenal glands
7
Q
calci / calco
A
calcium
8
Q
endocren/o
A
endocrine
9
Q
parathyroid gland
A
parathyroid glands > regulates calcium
10
Q
acro
A
extremities / height
11
Q
dipso
A
thirst
12
Q
kali
A
potassium
13
Q
natro
A
sodium
14
Q
calcemia
A
calcium in the blood (excessive or deficient)
15
Q
glycemia
A
sugar in the blood (excessive or deficient)
16
Q
acidosis
A
abnormal accumulation of acid
17
Q
cretinism
A
condition caused by absence or wasting away of thyroid gland. (puffy features, dwarfism)
18
Q
Addison’s Disease
A
Chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex
19
Q
Cushing Disease
A
Multiple symptoms attributed to excessive production of cortisol. May be the result of a pituitary tumor or adrenal gland malfunction (puffy features)
20
Q
Graves Disease
A
Disorder of the thyroid gland. Characterized by goiter and enlargement of eyeballs (Active Thyroid)
21
Q
myxedema
A
condition resulting from the deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. A severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Puffiness of face, hands, and tongue
22
Q
adenosis
A
abnormal condition of a gland
23
Q
FBS
A
fasting blood sugar
24
Q
T4
A
thyroxine level
hormone produced by thyroid increasing metabolism
25
euthyroid
resembling a normal thyroid gland
| normal youth
26
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
27
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
| X on one eyeball and an O on the other)
28
isthmus
narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts of the body
(tissue wrapped around 2 christmas trees connecting them)
29
goiter
enlargement of the thyrooid gland
30
ketosis
condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes / abnormal concentration of ketone bodies
(key shaped toes that releases uncontrolable fat diabetics)
31
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
32
euglycemia
normal level of sugar in blodd
33
endocronologist
studies and treats diseases of the endocrine system
34
DM
diabetes mellitus
35
algia
pain
| put algea on body for pain
36
cele
hernia or protrusion or swelling out
| celery protruding out
37
ectasis
stretching out / dilation
| when someone is estatic to see you they stretch out or expand their arms to hug you
38
graphy
image or graph
39
rrhagia
discharge
40
scope
visual viewing
41
stenosis
narrowing
42
thorax
chest
| thor taking an axe to your chest
43
tomy
cut or incision
| think of a lobotomy
44
bronchitus
inflammation of the bronchi
45
epiglottitus
inflammation of the epiglotis
46
hemothorax
blood in the chest
47
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
48
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
49
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome
| > life threatening lung disease where person cannot breathe
50
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
51
CF
cystic fibrosis
| > born with it / congenital
52
epistaxis
nose bleeding
53
legionnaire disease
pneumonia caused by bacteria
54
pertussis
contagious infection in the respiratory tract (whooping cough)
55
TB
tuberculosis
| > lung disease
56
URI
upper respiratory infection
| a cold
57
oximeter
measures oxygen
58
capnometer
measures carbon dioxide
| putting a cap on the car exhaust pipe
59
spirometer
measures breathing
60
ABG's
arterial bloodgases
61
anoxia
absence or deficiency of oxygen
62
aphonia
absence of voice
63
apnea
absence of breathing
64
dyspnea
difficult breathing
65
eupnea
normal breathing
66
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide in blood
| cap - carbon dioxide
67
hypoxia
dificient oxygento the tissues
68
intrapeural
pertaining to within the pleura
69
pulmonologist
studies and treats diseases of the lung
70
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose (runny nose or cold)
71
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
72
CT
computed tomography
73
PE
pulmonary embolism
74
PFT's
pulmonary functions tests
75
nephron
urine producing microscopic structure
76
ureters
two slender tubes that receive urine from the kidneys
77
urinary bladder
hollow organ that temporarily holds urine
78
urethra
lowest part of the urinary tract where urine passes from the bladder to outside the body
79
cyst
bladder or sac
80
meato
meatus / opening
81
pyelo
renal pelvis
| elvis and pie
82
glycol
sugar
83
noct
night
84
tomo
cut / section
85
sono
sound
86
lysis
loosening / breaking down
87
ptosis
drooping / sagging / lowering
88
trophy
nourishment / growth
89
rrhaphy
suturing / repairing
| road runner happy to get stitches out
90
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
91
ureterocele
protrusion of a ureter
92
uremia
renal or kidney failure
| > waste products in the blood
93
hydronephrosis
water in the kidney
94
nephroblastoma
kidney tumor usually found in kids
95
UTI
urinary tract infection
96
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
97
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
98
What are the 3 basic parameters set up by a radiological tech for an xray?
1) Kev - power or energy
2) MA - current
3) Sec - time
99
Decribe cathode
source of electrons
100
Describe anode
target of photons
101
What are the basic components of xray production units?
1) tube insert
2) tube housing
3) collimater assembly
4) generator
102
Why does breastimaging need specialized imaging?
to avoid causing cancer in the breast
103
Why does breast imaging need specialized imaging?
to avoid causing cancer in the breast
104
What are the 3 basic parameters set up by a radiological tech for an xray?
1) Kev - power or energy
2) MA - current
3) Sec - time
105
What are the basic components of xray production units?
1) tube insert
2) tube housing
3) collimater assembly
4) generator
106
What is spiral CT?
rotates around the body
107
How are tissues characterized in CT?
By their thickness
108
What are some of the basic principles of NM imaging?
1) uses small amounts of radioactive substances to diagnose and treat
2) uses less radiation than xray
3) providesunique information about the structure and function of organs in the body
109
What are some of the organs that can be imaged in NM?
Brain / Lungs / Heart / Kidneys / Thyroid
110
What is a radiopharmaceutical?
a drug that tells the radioactivity where to go
111
How is NM different from ct or radiography?
the patient temporarily becomes radioactive rather than shooting them with radiation
112
What is an annihilation reaction and how is it used in PET imaging?
when a positron and electron collided and produce a gamma ray...used in PET imaging
113
What are some characteristics and advantages of PET imaging?
It is the best indicator for recurring disease
114
What are some of the radiopharmaceuticals used in PET and and why are they used?
> florine
>rubidium
> carbon
> nitrogen
Used because of their short half life
115
How is PET / CT used in the evaluation of cancer?
1) to more accurately estimate the location
2) avoid unnecessary treatments
3) make earlier diagnosis
>>> Good for diagnosing cancer in its early stages
>>> Can determine how far along a patient is with their cancer
116
What is a CT number and how is it used in CT imaging?
CT numbers correspond to tissue density in the body. The larger the CT number the denser the tissue.
117
Describe some major changes in CT from 1st generation to taday's use
1) the time to generate a single image has been greatly reduced
2) gone from the machine rotating around the body to the patient moving thru the machine
118
Parameters set by the technologist in ct unit
1) kv - power
2) ma - current
3) time
119
What are some characteristics and advantages of PET imaging?
1) good indicator for recurrent disease
2) studies show that PET imaging could afffect patient care significantly
3) Can determine how far alonga patient's cancer is
4) Low radiation exposure to the patient
120
What is a pixel and voxel and how are they used in CT imaging?
A pixel is the basic 2D element of the digital image and a voxel has a 3rd dimension that represents the pixel width and height.....slice thickness of the ct scan > they make up the sections of the ct image
