Exam 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
what does the brightness correlate to in gel electrophoresis
the number of base pairs
how are samples organized in gel electrophoresis
by size
how does the chain terminator method of sequencing work
is requires a, DNA polymerase, single primer, dNTPs and ddNTPs (labeled with fluorescent dye)
explain the process of pyrosequencing
ATP sulfurase converts the PPi released by the addition of a nucleotide from DNA polymerase into ATP and this particular type of ATP triggers luciferase to convert to oxyluciferin which generates visible light in amounts proportional to the amount of ATP. The hight of each peak detected by the CCD equals the number of nucleotides then apyrase unicorporated dNTPs phosphates to be reincorporated into the cycle
Explain everything needed for PCR
forward and reverse primers, DNA polymerase, and dNTPs
-primers identify what will amplified
Where are PCR primers designed to to bind?
outside of the short tandem sequence repeats
Describe the composition of fatty acids
carboxylic acids 4-36 carbons, carbon chain that is unbranched can vary in length and saturation
for fatty acids what does n-x mean?
“n-x” is for unsaturated fatty acids, it indicates the position of the last double bond. N=number of carbons, X= position of the last double-bonded C atom from the terminal methyl end
ratio for myristic acid
14:0
ratio for palmitic acid
16:0
ratio for stearic acid
18:0
Arachidonic acid ratio
20:4n-6
describe what makes a melting point lower
- removing a carbon
- unsaturating (removing a double bond)
- cis unsaturating (kink makes it disordered)
match the following by how they behave: Cis Trans Unsaturated Saturated
Cis - Unsaturated
Trans - Saturated
what are backbone molecules
they are usually linked to fatty acids, glycerol and sphingosine to form triglycerides and membrane membranes
explain the composition of a glycerol backbone
has 2-3 postions to conjugate with alkyl chains or heads
found in storage and membrane lipids
sphingosine backbone composition
only 2 spots for a head or alkyl chain found only in membrane lipis
structure of glycerol
also known as glycero
3 carbons with an OH on each carbon
head would be placed on the third OH
structure of sphingosine
also known as sphingo 18-carbon amino alcohol with unsaturated hydrocarbon chain -head goes on OH 3 -fatty acid chain goes on position 2 nothing goes on position 1
list what type of backbone the head is linked to:
triacyl
triacyl-glycerol
no head group - storage lipid
off of the glycerol OH’s it’s C=O and fatty chain attached to the same C
- less oxidized than carbohydrates = more energy per unit mass through complete oxidation
-anhydrous
list what type of backbone the head is linked to: phospho
both!
glycero-phospholipids
phospho-sphingolipids
membrane
list what type of backbone the head is linked to: list what type of backbone the head is linked to: glyco
glyco-sphinglipids
list what type of backbone the head is linked to: list what type of backbone the head is linked to: galacto
galactolipids- glycerolipid
describe ethanolamine
a glycerophospholipid
off of PO4-CH2CH2NH3
