Exam 3

Question 1

vowel: 
less ?
sound energy comes from?
ALL vowels
mainly?

Answer 1

complete constriction
vocal fold vibration
voiced
low frequency

Question 2

Consonants: 
more?
sound energy comes from ? 
voiced only: 
-noise and/or voicing:

Answer 2

complete constriction
vocal fold vibration and/or noise at point of constriction
resonant
obstruents

Question 3

examples of resonant consonants:
-what frequency
examples of obstruent consonants:
-what frequency

Answer 3

nasals, liquids, glides
-low frequency

stops, fricatives, affricates
-high frequency

Question 4

stops are ?
closing in ?
among the ?

sound source:
for voiced:
for voiceless:

Answer 4

complete constriction
nasal cavity and velopharyngeal port
shortest in duration

point of constriction
noise produced at point of constriction and vocal tone of vibrating vocal folds

Question 5

/p/ and /b/
/p/
/b/
velopharyngeal port ?

Answer 5

voiceless, bilabial stop
voiced bilabial stop

closed

Question 6

/t/ and /d/
/t/
/d/

In terms of -ed: if phoneme proceeding -ed is voiced final phoneme will also be voiced or if a tap procedes -ed ? if phoneme is voiceless use?

velopharyngeal port

Answer 6

voiceless, alveolar stop
voiced, alveolar stop

/d/, /t/

may open during production of /t/ or /d/ (nasal plosion)

Question 7

allophones of /t/ and /d/

alveolar tap examples

glottal stop: 
examples 
generally occurs in ? 
What are the articulators?
voiced or voiceless? 
it is considered homographic which means?

Answer 7

wittle, coddle, cutie, toto, ladder

button, mountain, hat, fatten, latin, atlas, kitten

syllable-final position

• vocal folds
• voiceless
• phonemes share the same place of articulation

Question 8

/k/ and /g/
/k/
/g/

Answer 8

voiceless, velar stop

voiced velar stop

Question 9

nasal consonants: 
airstream completely 
-sonorant or obstruents?
-all?
-sound source is ?

Answer 9

obstructed
sonorants
voiced
vibration of vocal folds

Question 10

/m/:
/n/:
/ing/

Answer 10

voiced bilabial nasal
voiced alveolar nasal
voiced velar nasal

Question 11

The fricatives:
the articulators do not?
obstruents or sonorants?
less intense than

/f/ and /v/
/f/
/v/

Answer 11

close completely
obstruents
fricatives

voiceless labiodental fricative
voiced labiodental fricative

Question 12

theta

eth

Answer 12

voiceless interdental fricative

voiced interdental fricative

Question 13

/s/ and /z/
/s/
/z/

when final consonant is voiceless use ?
when final consonant is voiced or in the case of -ies ?

Answer 13

voiceless alveolar fricative
voiced alveolar fricative

/s/

/z/

Question 14

esh:
examples

yogh
examples

Answer 14

voiceless, palatal fricative
voiced palatal fricative

shook

measure, fusion

Question 15

/h/

only one who doesnt have a

Answer 15

voiceless, glottal fricative

voiced cognate

Question 16

affricates: mixture of

chair /ch/
jar /dj/

Answer 16

stop and fricative - obstruents

voiceless palatal affricate
voiced platal affricate

Question 17

approximants:

glides and liquids

/j/:
/r/
/w/
/l/

Answer 17

velopharyengeal port closed and all voiced

as in yet voiced, palatal glide
voiced, palatal liquid
voiced, labiovelar glide
voiced, alveolar liquid

Question 18

which consonants do not use the tongue

Answer 18

/h/ /b/ and /f/

Question 19

Labiodental 
Dental 
Alveolar 
Palatal 
Velar 
Glottal 
Lingual

Answer 19

lower lip and upper central incisors
tongue apex (or blade) and teeth
tongue apex (or blade) and alveolar ridge
blade of tongue and hard palate
back of tongue and velum
 vocal folds
 tongue

Question 20

phonemes that differ only in voicing are called

Answer 20

cognates