exam 3

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

study of change in the human population

Question 2

demographers study

Answer 2

Population size 
Density and distribution
Age structure
Sex ratio 
Birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates

Question 3

growth rate

Answer 3

(Birth rate + immigration rate) - (Death rate + emigration rate)

Question 4

4 stages of demographic transition

Answer 4

pre-industrial
transitional
industrial
post-industrial

Question 5

pre-industrial stage

Answer 5

low population growth
High death (disease, starvation, few medicines) and birth (compensation for mortality) rates

Question 6

transitional stage

Answer 6

industrialization, increased food and medical care reduce mortality rates
High birth rates cause population to surge

Question 7

industrial stage

Answer 7

women get jobs and use birth control

Kids do not need to help get food

Question 8

post-industrial stage

Answer 8

low birth and death rates stabilize populations (Current USA)

Question 9

current placement fertility rate

Answer 9

2.1

Question 10

United Nations Population Fund has programs to improve

Answer 10

Pre- and post-natal mother’s health
Access to voluntary family planning programs and contraception
STD and HIV education and prevention
U.S. discontinued funding in 2017 because Trump claims the UNFPA violates the US anti-abortion policies

Question 11

Philippians 2:3-4

Answer 11

3Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count others more significant than yourselves. 4Let each of you look not only to his own interests but also to the interests of others.

Question 12

FDR quote

Answer 12

the nations that destroys its soil destroys itself

Question 13

soil

Answer 13

a complex plant-supporting system of disintegrated rock, organic matter, air water, nutrients and microorganisms.

Question 14

why do we need soil?

Answer 14

review lab slides

Question 15

soil is needed for…

Answer 15

croplands
rangelands
forestry

Question 16

40% of all land on earth

Answer 16

is used in agriculture

Question 17

70% of all water

Answer 17

is used on agriculture

Question 18

1/3 of all GHG emissions

Answer 18

come from agriculture

Question 19

dust bowl

Answer 19

large scale wind erosion led to dust storms, detsroying the land and affecting human earth

Question 20

effects of soil degradation

Answer 20

erosion
desertification
dead soil and depletion of nutrients
soil compaction

Question 21

erosion

Answer 21

process of moving soil from one area to another, builds up soil in one locality as it depletes another; rates of removal exceed rates of formation

Question 22

at least 1/3 of the earths land

Answer 22

suffers from desertification

Question 23

drylands cover how much of earths land surface

Answer 23

41%

Question 24

overgrazing

Answer 24

process of permitting too many animals to eat too much of the plant cover

Question 25

methods of protecting soil

Answer 25

``` crop rotation contour farming strip cropping terracing shelter belts no-till/reduces-till farming ```

Question 26

crop rotation

Answer 26

alternating the kind of crop grown in a particular field form one season or year to another to avoid depletion of soil nutrients

Question 27

contour farming

Answer 27

plowing furrows along the natural contours of the land (along the slopes)

Question 28

strip cropping

Answer 28

(inter cropping) planting alternating bands of different crops along slopes to slow erosion

Question 29

terracing

Answer 29

planting crops on terraces cut deep into hillsides to contain water from irrigation and precipitation. Often the most effective method of protection against erosion. Permits farming on hilly land.

Question 30

green revoliton

Answer 30

after WW2 produced nitrogen fertilizers produced pesticides refers to the application of modern technology to agriculture in order to boost crop yields

Question 31

gene revolution

Answer 31

.genetic engineering | transgenic organism

Question 32

shelter belts

Answer 32

used for wind erosion, construction of rows of trees or large plants to serve as windbreaks

Question 33

no till

Answer 33

Nearly ½ of the US is farmed with reduced tilling methods

Question 34

food security

Answer 34

Guarantee of an adequate, safe, nutritious, and reliable food supply –not just staples Providing food security to everyone will be one of our greatest challenges

Question 35

Norman Borlaug

Answer 35

father of the Green Revolution

Question 36

problem with pest management

Answer 36

pest resistance | Chemical pesticides pose a risk to the environment and to human health. Not sustainable.

Question 37

pest resistance

Answer 37

Pests co-evolve to break-down defense mechanisms in the plant, and take advantage of agricultural monocultures

Question 38

european honeybees

Answer 38

, which pollinate over 100 crops that comprise 1/3 of the US diet, are being devastated by a Colony Collapse Disorder

Question 39

genetic engineering

Answer 39

causing a change in the DNA of a plant or animal to produce desired traits

Question 40

transgenic organism

Answer 40

an organism that contains genes from another species

Question 41

genetic engineering has helped what?

Answer 41

develop medicines, clean up pollution, understand the causes of cancer and many other diseases, and make better food

Question 42

what does bio engineering help create?

Answer 42

transgenic species

Question 43

over how much of the corn, soybeans, and cotton in the USA are GM crops?

Answer 43

2/3

Question 44

seed banks

Answer 44

Seeds are collected, stored, and periodically planted To prevent introduction of GM crops into wild populations The Doomsday Vault

Question 45

industrial agriculture uses what?

Answer 45

Feedlots (factory farms) or concentrated feeding operations to produce livestock and poultry

Question 46

GM foods _____ be labeled as organic

Answer 46

cannot

Question 47

food miles

Answer 47

A term which refers to the distance food is transported from the time of its production until it reaches the consumer. Reduced by vertical farms

Question 48

frosty springs farm

Answer 48

.

Question 49

how safe are GM crops?

Answer 49

,

Question 50

do GM crops pose threats to food biodiveristy?

Answer 50

YES