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PMMI > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neisseria pathogens

A

Meningitides and Gonorrhae

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2
Q

Diplococcus Shape

A

Neisseria and Moraxella

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3
Q

Coccobacilli Shape

A

Haemophilus and Bordetella

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4
Q

Present in the Respiratory Tract

A

MoraxELLA, BordetELLA, LegionELLA

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5
Q

Present in the Respiratory and Genital Tract

A

Chlamydia (envelope) and Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

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6
Q

Organisms that aren’t Gram-Negative

A

Mycoplasma

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7
Q

In Neisseria meningitides, virulence depends on

A

Serogroup (B associated with epidemics) and patient immunity

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8
Q

Neisseria meningitides & gonnorrhoeae is transferred

A

Person to Person

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9
Q

Neisseria & B. Pertussis can be eliminated by chemoprophylaxis?

A

YES

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10
Q

Neisseria and H. influenzae TYPE B can be prevented by vaccination?

A

YES

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11
Q

Epidemic acute bacterial meningitis releases what toxin?

A

Meningococcal Endotoxin

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12
Q

Neisseria meningitides is charactered by

A

petechial rash

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13
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoaea requires what environment to grow?

A

Aerobic (requires O2) warm moist environment

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14
Q

What promotes virulence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Pili (attachment and neutrophil resistance)

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15
Q

Invasion occurs in N. gonorrhoeae by

A

LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) interacts with urethral, cervical endothelial cells to infect

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16
Q

Haemophilus influenzae requires what for growth?

A

RBC (erythrocytes)

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17
Q

H. influenzae is spreaded by

A

Direct Contact or Airborne droplets

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18
Q

H. influenzae type B causes

A

meningitis and epiglottis

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19
Q

H. influenzae non-typeable (no capsule) causes

A

Otitis media, exacerbations of COPD (AECB), CAPneumonia

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20
Q

H. influenze type B requires what treatment?

A

HIGH dose IV Beta-Lactams (3rd Generation Cephalosporins)

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21
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis causes

A

Otitis Media and AECB

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22
Q

Bordetella Pertussis causes

A

WHOOPING COUGH

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23
Q

B. Pertussis can be prevented by

A

TDAP

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24
Q

B. Pertussis virulence factors include:

A

Adhesins (FHA)
Host Defense Evasion (ACT) and (PT)
Ciliate epithelia cell destruction (TCT)

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25
Stages of Whooping Cough
Catarrhal - Rhinorrhea, Ocassional Cough Paroxysmal - Spasms of uncontrollable cough Convalescent - Recurrance
26
B. Pertussis Treatment
Macrolides (-mycin)
27
Beta Lactam are NOT active against
Legionella Chlamydia Mycoplasma
28
Legionella requires what for growth?
L-cysteine
29
Common pathogen of Legionella?
L. Pneumophila
30
Legionella is present in
WATER (Lives in amoebas) | Found in water heaters, air conditioning, cooling towers
31
Legionella is spread by
inhalation of bacteria into lungs
32
Legionella causes
Legionnairs' disease (sporadic and epidemic pneumoia) Indistinguishable from other organisms
33
Legionella, Chlamydia & Mycoplasma Treatment
Macrolides, Tetracyclinies, Fluoroquinolones | *NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO BETA LACTAMS*
34
C. Pneumoniae is spread by
respiratory secretions via droplets
35
Diagnosis of C. Pneumoniae & C. Trachomatis
NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) | In C. Trachomatis ONLY Trachoma
36
C. Trachomatis infects
Ocular (Trachoma) and Genitourinary (STD)
37
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae is spreaded by
Droplets (Person to Person)
38
Spirochetes Pathogens
T. Pallidum, B. burgdorferi, and Leptospira
39
Treponema pallidum causes
SYPHILIS - depends on humans for all nutrients
40
Borrelia burgdorferi causes
LYME DISEASE
41
Treatment of T. Pallidum
PENICILLIN
42
B. burgdorferi is spread via
Deer Tick
43
Treatment of B. burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
Tetracyclines
44
Gram-negative anaerobic (doesn't need O2) rods/bacilli (GNAR)
Bacteroides sps and Prevotella
45
Most common Bacteroides
B. fragilis
46
Bacteroides and Prevotella are commensal symbiotic enteric flora where?
Oral pharynx, lower GI tract (colon), vagina
47
Treatment of Bacteroides and Prevotella
Metronidazole
48
Zoonotic Gram Negative Rods
``` Y. entercolitica & Y. pestis Fracisella Tularnsis (Agent of Bioterrorism) Brucella Pasteurella multocida Rickettsia ```
49
Y. enterocolitica is spreaded by
Contaminated food (pork) or H2O
50
Y. pestis causes
Plague ("Black Death")
51
Y. Pestis is spreaded by
Fleas
52
Fleas that spread Y. Pestis spread depending on
temperature
53
Inhalation of Y. Pestis causes what plague which is also an agent of bioterrorism
Pneumonic
54
Y. Pestis via flea bite, bubonic plague are from formed
inflamed lymph nodes
55
Rabbits and Rodents are reservoirs for
F. tularensis
56
F. tularenis is spreaded by
Fleas, ticks, or contact with infected animal
57
Brulosis exists in
Cattle, Swine, Goats, Sheep, Camels | *Contact, consumption of raw milk and cheese
58
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by
Rickettsia rickettsii
59
Diagnosis of Rickettsia rickettsii
Indirect Immunofluorescence
60
Spreading factors of R. rickettsii
Fleas, Ticks, Mites
61
Oropharyngeal commensals
HACEK
62
HACEK are suceptible to
3rd Gen Cephalosporins
63
Mycobacterium TB causes
TB
64
Mycobacterium leprae causes
Leprosy
65
Aerobic Acid Fast Bacilli Slow Growing Treatment last for months-years Causes Chronic Infections
Mycobacteria
66
M. tuberculosis is spread by
inhalation of droplet nuclei
67
M. tuberculosis can be killed by
UV light
68
Latent MTB (infectious organisms in your body) can be checked by
TB skin test
69
Active MTB (disease with microbiologically identifiable organisms) can be seen by
Sputum/Tissue sample, Culture
70
Vaccination for M. tuberculosis
BCG (LOW EFFICACY)
71
Live attenuated strain in BCG vaccine (MTB)
M. bovis
72
Treatment of active MTB disease *Requires susceptibility testing
``` RIPE Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol ```
73
M. leprae can be spread by
Pulmonary or Nasal Droplets (REQUIRES MONTHS OF CLOSE CONTACT)
74
T-Cells play a major role in controlling disease in
M. leprae and MTB
75
Treatment of M. leprae
6-24 Months | Dapsone, Clofazimine and Rifampin
76
M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) are not spreaded from person to person but
OPPORTUNISTIC
77
MAC causes
Pulmonary disease in elderly with COPD. Lymphdenitis in children Disseminated disease in advanced HIV/AIDS
78
Treatment of MAC
NEW macrolides (azithromycin & clarithromycin) & rifabutin
79
Rapid growing Mycobacterium
M. Kansasii M. fortuitum M. chelone/abscessus
80
M. kansasii causes
Pulmonary Disease
81
M. fortuitum cause
Extrapulmonary (skin, breast)
82
Causes both Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary
M. chelone/abscessus
83
RIPE treatment is only effective in
MTB and M. kansasii

PMMI (3 decks)

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