Exam 3 - Acid/Base

Question 1

Bronsted Lowry Acid

Answer 1

Proton donor

Question 2

Bronsted Lowry Base

Answer 2

Proton acceptor

Question 3

Strong bases

Answer 3

O or N with a negative charge

Question 4

Weak bases

Answer 4

amines or NH3

Question 5

weakest to strongest in weak bases

Answer 5

NH3 < 1 ° amine < 2 ° amine < 3 ° amine

Question 6

Basicity

Answer 6

The more negative (more e density), the strong the base
we don’t want an electronegative element pulling away density

Question 7

Base : amines vs alcohols

Answer 7

Amines are more basic than alcohols
(N is less electronegative than O)

Question 8

Strong acids

Answer 8

HCl, HBr, HI
(has an H+)

Question 9

weakest to strongest in Weak acids

Answer 9

Amines < Alcohol < Carboxylic acids

Question 10

Acidity

Answer 10

Nearby electronegative atoms increase acidity
we want those EN atoms in our acid molecules

Question 11

Polar bond

Answer 11

unequal sharing of e between atoms
ex: C-Cl , C-O

Question 12

Non-polar bond

Answer 12

equal sharing of e between atoms
ex: C-C , C-H

Question 13

Dispersion Force

Answer 13

:temp dipole in molecule collision
-all molecules contain dispersion force
-only force a non-polar molecule can have
-large surface area=strong dispersion force

Question 14

Dipole-Dipole interactions

Answer 14

:attraction between opposite poles
-must have a polar molecule!!

Question 15

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 15

:between a lone pair on O,N or F and H bonded to an O, N, or F
hydrogen bonding is NOT a bond

Question 16

IMF weakest to strongest

Answer 16

Dispersion < Dipole-Dipole < H-bonding

much larger surface area=really strong dispersion = stronger than Dipole-Dipole and H-bonding of smaller molecules

Question 17

Steps to ranking Boiling Point

Answer 17

1) look for a molecule thats much larger than the rest

2) If molecules are of similar size, compare the IMF

3) If molecules are of similar size AND IMF, consider branching (more branching = smaller surface area

Question 18

Hydrophobic (water fearing)

Answer 18

NON POLAR regions that don’t interact with water
ex: C chains

Question 19

Hydrophilic (water loving)

Answer 19

POLAR regions that can interact with water via H-bonding or dipoles

Question 20

Hexane solubility

Answer 20

we want hydrophobic (non polar) regions
smaller hydrophobic region = less hexane solubility

Question 21

Water Solubility

Answer 21

we want hydrophilic (polar) regions
smaller hydrophobic region (less c chains) = more HOH solubility

Question 22

Chiral Molecules

Answer 22

molecules that contain asymmetry

Question 23

Chiral Center (stereocenter)

Answer 23

C atom with 4 different “things” attached to it

Question 24

Stereoisomers

Answer 24

same formula, same connectivity, but different 3D spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 25

max # of stereoisomers

Answer 25

2^n n= # of chiral centers

Question 26

Achiral molecules

Answer 26

either molecules without a chiral center or have symmetry within the molecule

Question 27

structural isomers

Answer 27

same formula, different molecule

Question 28

identical molecules

Answer 28

same formula, same molecule, same 3D spatial arrangement

Question 29

cis

Answer 29

same side on plane (both wedges, both dashes)

Question 30

trans

Answer 30

opposite sides of plane (one wedge + one dash)