Exam 3 - Airway Anatomy Flashcards
(57 cards)
Describe the main differences between the right and left lung?
Right: 3 lobes, larger
Left: 2 lobes, smaller, taller
Why is the left lung smaller and taller than the right?
- Smaller because the heart takes up space in the left chest
- Taller becasue the heart weighs down the left diaphragm and increases room for the left lung
Label 1 and 2
- Horizontal Fissure of right lung
- Oblique Fissure of right lung
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right and left lung?
Right: 10
Left: 8
What is 1 below?
What can be found here?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Can be a space where air or fluid can collect
Where does the diaphragm anchor?
Lumbar vertebral bodies
What are these?
How many are there?
What is their purpose?
- Scalene muscles
- 6 total, 3 on each side
- Prevents the thorax from being pulled down by the diaphragm
What is the indicated muscle?
What are it’s attachement points?
What is its purpose?
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Attaches to the sternum and mastoid process
- Can contract to prevent the diaphragm from pulling the thorax downwards
Where are the external intercostals?
What is their purpose?
- In between ribs on the outside
- Helps expand the chest outward during forced inspiration
Where are the internal intercostals?
What is their purpose?
- In between ribs on the inside
- Compresses thorax to help with forced expiration
What other muscles help with forced expiration?
Abdominal muscles by pushing up the diaphragm (rectus abdominus and obliques)
Where do the pec minor muscles attach?
How can they aid in respiration?
- Top of the rib cage and shoulder blade
- If you lean against something solid with your arms, the pec minor muscles increase ability to inspire
Label 1, 2, and 3
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
What type of muscle is the tongue?
How is this affected by NMB?
- Skeletal muscles
- Will be paralyzed and fall into the airway when supine during intubation
What purposes does the porousness of turbinates serve?
- Allows room for lots of blood vessels which humidifies air
- Nerves are also here to sense smell
Label 1, 2, and 3.
Why do the have a curved shaped?
- Superior concha (turbinate)
- Middle concha (turbinate)
- Inferior concha (turbinate)
Curves generate turbulence and helps air run into the walls more - allowing mucous to filter air better
What bone do the superior and middle concha attach to?
Ethmoid bone (in red)
What bone do the inferior concha project from?
Maxilla
Why do we need to be careful when inserting airways into the nose?
The porous turbinates are easily broken, and highly vascular - can lead to blood pooling in the airway
Insert at the floor, the inferior concha are more sturdy
What is 5?
Frontal sinus
What is 4?
What is it’s purpose?
Crista galli
Attachment for falx cerebri
Label 1 and 2
- Crista galli
- Middle concha
What nerve innervates the face?
What are it’s subdivisions?
Cranial Nerve V - Trigeminal
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Why do we get a brain freeze?
The maxillary nerves sense pain, but the parent nerve (trigeminal) gets confused as to where its coming from and registers it as a headache
