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IM > Exam 3: Anemia > Flashcards

Exam 3: Anemia Flashcards

0
Q

Characteristics of the RBC so it doesn’t get destroyed in microcirculation

A

Discoid and pliable

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1
Q

Average life span of RBC?

A

100-120 d

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2
Q

LC of RBC

A 
EPO
Bone Marrow makes them 
Maturation by iron and folate
120 d
Destruction by spleen
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3
Q

What determines anemia in lab findings?

A

HbG count less than
130 males
120 females

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4
Q

What are the problems before and during RBC production?

A

Hypoproliferative

Maturation disorders

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5
Q

What are the problems after RBC released from marrow?

A

Hemolysis and hemorrhage

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6
Q

In hypoproliferative anemia, all are the possible causes except:
A. No EPO released from kidneys
B. Bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia)
C. Iron deficiency
D. Chronic inflammatory states
F. Liver failure (inc cytokines) marrow cannot use iron

A

F

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7
Q

In maturation disorders, all are the causes except:
A. Cytoplasmic defects due to iron deficiency (microcystic and hypochromic)
B. Nuclear defects (macrocytic RBCs)
C. Chronic iron overdose
D. Folate/vita. B12 deficiency

A

C

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8
Q

2 main causes of hemolysis:
A. Intracorpuscular defects
B. Extracorpuscular defects
C. Both

A

C

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9
Q 
Membrane abnormalities (spherocytosis) and enzymopathy (G6PD) are examples 
A. Intracorpuscular defects
B. Extracorpuscular defects
A

A

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10
Q

In extracorpuscular defects the problem is due to the structure of the RBCs. T/F

A

False.

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11
Q

Vasculitis due to autoimmune diseases can cause

A

Extracorpuscular defects

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12
Q

Anemia in SLE. Antibodies stick to RBCs and immune system kills the RBCs is an example of intracorpuscular defect. T/F

A

False

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13
Q 
Symptoms of anemia include all except: 
A. Fatigue
B. Breathlessness
C. Pink conjunctiva
D. Loss of stamina
A

C

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14
Q 
On PE for anemia look for: 
A.Pallor
B. Tachycardia (esp on effort) due to dec oxygen. Compensation
C. Murmur (valvular) 
D. Hypotension orthostasis
E. Dec urine output (renal failure)
A

C. It’s a flow murmur. Does not have anything to do with value defect

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15
Q

Which lab exam is mainly used for diagnosing anemia?

A

CBC

16
Q

What is a possible cause if WBC and platelets are also low with anemia?

A

Bone marrow

17
Q

Anemia and high number of immature reticulocytes. Comment on the bone marrow.

A

Bone marrow is working hard and fast. But no time to mature

18
Q

Anemia and mature RBCs. Comment on the bone marrow

A

Bone marrow is not making new RBCS

19
Q

Nuclear material in RBC means:
A. RBC is more mature
B. RBC is immature

A

B

20
Q 
Classify anemia by: 
A. Reticulocyte count
B. WBC
C. Platelet
D. Shape 
E. RBC count
A

A

21
Q

Name some drugs that dec levels of Vit B12 and B6

A

Isoniazid and chemo drugs

22
Q

75 YO male. Palor, hypotension, weakness, 3 days melena, low HGB. Diagnose

A

If longer to develop, longer to present symptoms

Upper GI bleed from NSAID induced peptic ulcer

23
Q

45 YO female. Pallor. Easy fatiguability when doing chores. Diagnose

A

Abnormal uterine bleed from myoma uteri

24
Q

35 YO male. Elevated BP, doesn’t want to eat for 1 month, palor in nail beds and palms, bipedal edema, and easy fatiguability. Diagnose

A

Chronic kidney disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis

25
Q

23 YO female prolonged heavy menstrual bleeding and pallor. Diagnose

A

Aplastic anemia

26
Q

What conditions can cause so much EPO secretion?

A

Kidney reactivity to heart and lungs.
-chronic lung dse
-Heart failure. Mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated. Congenital and shunting
tumor secreting EPO

27
Q

What common clinical conditions can cause apparent polycythemia symptoms.
Because water leaves, inc apparent red count

A

Dengue, Ebola, viral and bacterial infections, burns

28
Q

Symptoms of polycythemia

A

Asymptomatic
Hyper viscosity
Underlying disease

29
Q

Which symptoms of polycythemia vera can cause neurological symptoms (feeling high, lightheaded):
A. Asymptomatic
B. Hyperviscosity
C. Underlying disease

A

B

30
Q

Condition in which the bone marrow just feels like making sooo many cell lines. And presents with hyperviscosity

A

Polycythemia Vera

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