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Anatomy > Exam 3 - Blood supply to the Thorax, Neck, and Head > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Blood supply to the Thorax, Neck, and Head Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest artery of the body?

A

the aorta

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2
Q

Where does the aorta arise from?

A

the left ventricle

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3
Q

What are the parts of the aorta?

A

aortic bulb, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

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4
Q

Where does the aorta begin and end?

A

the left ventricle to the diaphragm

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5
Q

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

A

paired coronary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, esophageal and bronchial arteries, dorsal intercostal arteries, costo-abdominal artery

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6
Q

Where do the paired coronary arteries arise from?

A

within the aortic sinus

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7
Q

What do the paired coronary sinuses supply?

A

the heart musculature

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8
Q

What are the repercussions of a coronary artery block?

A

it could be fatal because the heart would not be supplied with blood

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9
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

circumflex artery, deep septal branch, paraconal interventricular artery

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10
Q

Where is the circumflex artery located?

A

lies in the coronary groove

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11
Q

What does the circumflex artery give off branches to?

A

the left atrium and auricle

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12
Q

What do the descending branches of the circumflex artery supply?

A

the wall of the left ventricle

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13
Q

When does circumflex artery become the subsinusoidal interventricular artery?

A

after giving off the left marginal branch

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14
Q

Where is the paraconal interventricular artery?

A

in the paraconal interventricular groove

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15
Q

What does the paraconal interventricular artery supply?

A

both ventricles and the apex of the heart

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16
Q

When does the paraconal interventricular artery terminate?

A

after passing along the ventral border of the right ventricle

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17
Q

Where is the right coronary artery located?

A

in the coronary groove

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18
Q

Where does the right coronary artery give branches off to?

A

the right atrium and the auricle

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19
Q

What do the descending branches of the right coronary artery supply?

A

the wall of the right ventricle

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20
Q

Where are the terminal branches of the right coronary artery?

A

on the right side, at the level of the terminal branches of the circumflex artery

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21
Q

What is the first branch of the aortic arch?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

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22
Q

Is the brachiocephalic trunk paired or unpaired?

A

unpaired

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23
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk course?

A

slightly to the right side underneath the trachea within the cranial mediastinum

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24
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

left and right common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery

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25
Q

What do the left and right common carotid arteries supply?

A

the head and the neck

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26
Q

Where do the left and the right common carotid arteries course?

A

along the dorsolateral aspect of the trachea along the vagosympathetic trunk

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27
Q

What are the left and right common carotid arteries enclosed in?

A

the carotid sheath

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28
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid arteries?

A

caudal thyroid artery, cranial thyroid artery, internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery

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29
Q

Where is the caudal thyroid artery given off of the common carotid arteries?

A

at the thoracic inlet

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30
Q

Where is the cranial thyroid artery given off of the common carotid arteries?

A

at the level of the thyroid gland or the larynx

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31
Q

What do the thyroid arteries supply?

A

the trachea, esophagus, and regional lymph nodes

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32
Q

Where does the common carotid artery divide into the internal and external carotid?

A

at the level of the basihyoid

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33
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

the deep structures f the cranium and brain

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34
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery run?

A

craniodorsally towards the tympano-occipital fissure

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35
Q

Explain the course of the internal carotid artery up until its anastamosis with the ascending pharyngeal artery.

A

It goes into the jugular foramen through the carotid canal out of the internal carotid foramen and back into the internal carotid foramen to create a loop (the loop is what anastamoses)

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36
Q

What is the function of the loop created by the internal carotid artery?

A

to reduce rapid inflow of blood into the brain

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37
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located?

A

at the origin of the internal carotid branch

38
Q

What does the carotid sinus contain?

A

special sensory neurons, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors

39
Q

What is different about the internal carotid artery in the cat?

A

it degenerates and is represented as a ligament, however the intracranial part that anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal artery persists
the carotid sinus is also not present

40
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

the superficial and deep structures of the head

41
Q

What is carotid trifurcation?

A

where the occipital artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery arise in the same spot on the external carotid; common in cats

42
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

occipital artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, caudal auricular artery, superficial temporal artery

43
Q

What does the occipital artery supply?

A

the muscles of the atlanto-occipital joint, retropharyngeal lymph node, and the meninges (via the caudal meningeal artery)

44
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

the muscles of the pharynx, the larynx, and the soft palate

45
Q

What is the largest branch of the external carotid artery?

A

the lingual artery

46
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

the tongue, soft palate, and tonsils

47
Q

Where does the facial artery arise?

A

at the angle of the mandible

48
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A

the cheek and lips after passing ventral to the masseter (supplies it too)

49
Q

What does the caudal auricular artery supply and where is it located?

A

on the caudal aspect of the external ear and supplies the external ear

50
Q

What does the superficial temporal artery supply and where is it located?

A

on the cranial aspect of the external ear and supplies the dorsolateral structures of the head region

51
Q

When does the external carotid artery become the maxillary artery?

A

when it gives off the caudal auricular artery and the superficial temporal artery

52
Q

Where does the maxillary artery course?

A

lateral to the tympanic bulla

53
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

caudal deep temporal artery, mandibulo-alveolar branch, middle meningeal artery, rostral deep temporal artery, external opthalmic artery

54
Q

What does the caudal deep temporal artery supply?

A

the temporalis and the masseter

55
Q

Where is the mandibulo-alveolar branch given off?

A

at the level of the retro-articular process of the temporal bone

56
Q

How does the mandibulo-alveolar branch supply the molar teeth?

A

passes through the mandibular foramen, courses into the mandibular canal

57
Q

When the mandibulo-alveolar branch exits the mandibular canal, what does it exit as and what does it supply?

A

exits as the mental arteries to supply the chin and the lower lip

58
Q

Before the mandibulo-alveolar branch enters the mandibular foramen, what does it do?

A

gives off branches to the pterygoideus muscle

59
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply and how does it get there?

A

supplies the brain and the meninges after it passes through the oval foramen

60
Q

After giving off what branches does the maxillary go through the alar canal?

A

caudal deep temporal artery, mandibulo-alveolar branch, and middle meningeal artery

61
Q

What does the rostral deep temporal artery supply?

A

the temporalis muscle

62
Q

What does the external ophthalmic artery supply?

A

the structures of the orbit and the eyelids

63
Q

What arteries does the external ophthalmic artery give off?

A

the ethmoidal arteries which pass through the ethmoidal foramen

64
Q

When does the maxillary artery become the infraorbital artery?

A

after giving off the external ophthalmic artery and going through the infraorbital canal

65
Q

Before entering the infraorbital canal, what does the maxillary artery give off?

A

branches to the pterygoideus, temporalis, palate, nasal mucousa, and the cheek

66
Q

Where are the esophageal and bronchial arteries given off at?

A

the ventral aspect of the thoracic aorta

67
Q

What do the dorsal intercostal arteries supply?

A

the dorsal 2/3 aspect of the thorax and the epaxial muscles

68
Q

What does the ventral branch of the intercostal arteries anastamose with?

A

the ventral intercostal arteries

69
Q

What does the costo-abdominal artery supply?

A

the lumbocostal arch which is the caudal border of the last rib

70
Q

What does the left subclavian artery arise from?

A

the aortic arch

71
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery course?

A

dorsolateral to the esophagus

72
Q

What do the subclavian arteries and their branches supply?

A

the neck region, the brain, thoracic limbs, and the ventrolateral aspect of the thorax

73
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian?

A

vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery

74
Q

Where is the branch of the vertebral artery located?

A

close to the medial surface of the head of the first rib and lateral to the longus colli muscle

75
Q

Where does the vertebral artery course?

A

cranially between the transverse processes for the 7th and 6th cervical vertebrae and the passes through the transverse foramen of all cervical vertebrae

76
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

the epaxial and hypaxial neck muscles, spinal cord, and the meninges

77
Q

What does the vertebral artery do at C1?

A

enters the foramen magnum and contributes to the formation of the ventral spinal artery and the basilar artery

78
Q

Where does the costocervical trunk course?

A

caudo-dorsally from the subclavian

79
Q

What does the costocervical trunk divide into?

A

the dorsal scapular, the deep cervical, and the thoracic vertebral branches

80
Q

What does the costocervical trunk supply?

A

the dorsal aspect of the pectoral girdle, the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb, hypaxial and epaxial muscles of the cervico-thoracic junction of the vertebral column and the first three intercostal spaces as the first three dorsal intercostal arteries

81
Q

Where does the superficial cervical artery branch off at?

A

the thoracic inlet

82
Q

What does the superficial cervical artery supply?

A

the superficial structures around the base of the neck and the cranial aspect of the scapular region; brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, superficial cervical lymph nodes

83
Q

What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery?

A

phrenicopericardiac artery, ventral intercostal arteries

84
Q

What do the ventral intercostal arteries supply?

A

the ventral 1/3 of the wall of the thoracic cavity, pectoral muscles and cranial three pairs of the mammary glands

85
Q

What do the ventral intercostal arteries anastamose with?

A

the dorsal intercostal arteries

86
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery terminate as?

A

the musculophrenic artery and the cranial epigastric artery

87
Q

What does the cranial epigastric artery branch off into?

A

the superficial and the deep cranial epigastric artery?

88
Q

What do the superficial epigastric arteries supply?

A

the mammary glands

89
Q

What do the deep epigastric arteries course and supply?

A

the floor of the abdomen and supplies the rectus abdominis muscle

90
Q

After giving off what branches does the subclavian become the axillary artery?

A

vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery

Anatomy (27 decks)

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