EXAM 3-Ch 13 Nervous System & Spinal Senses

Question 1

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
-alternative name
-definition
-signs and symptoms
treatment

Answer 1

• alt. name: Lou Gehrig’s
• definition: progressive loss of neuron (lack of mobility and strength in the muscles)
• s/s: drooling, dysphasia, dysarthia (difficulty moving)
• tx: no treatment, supportive care

*progressive disorder

Question 2

Parkinson’s

• lack of
• signs and symptoms
• treatment

Answer 2

• lack of dopamine (affects muscle control and coordination)
• s/s: movement disorders (ex. tremors and shuffling gait)
• tx: L-dopa

*progressive disorder

Question 3

Huntington’s

• genetic
• signs and symptoms

Answer 3

• genetic: autosomal dominant

- s/s: total mental incompetence

Question 4

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

• cause
• treatment

Answer 4

• caused: by failure to secret acetylcholine (destruction of acetylcholine receptors)
• tx: anticholinesterase drugs (block acetylcholinesterase)
• autoimmune disease (peripheral nervous system)
• weakens the muscles “Myasthenia Gravity”

Question 5

Guillain-barre Syndrome

• definition
• spreads how?
• occurs after what type of infection
• signs and symptoms

Answer 5

• definition: immune mediated demyelinating neuropathy
• spreads: ascending
• occurs: after GI or respiratory viral infection (usually at least a month prior)
• s/s: progressing limb weakness and tendon weakness (if symptoms increase may lead to respiratory depression and pt may need a trach)

*autoimmune disease (peripheral nervous system)

Question 6

Stroke/CVA

• two varieties
• cause
• “FAST”
• treatment

Answer 6

• 2 varieties: hemorrhage (vessel undergoes long term damage) and clot (block cerebral arteries)
• cause: infarction of brain tissue (clot)
• “FAST”: Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time
• tx: TPA (clot buster)

Question 7

What is the precursor to a stroke?

Answer 7

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Question 8

Brain Tumors

• two types
• tx

Answer 8

• 2 types: benign (compresses vital nerve centers) & malignant (comes from glial cells ,metastatic from other organs)
• tx: surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation

Question 9

There are ____ cranial nerves and ____ spinal nerves.

Answer 9

12; 31

Question 10

-protect the delicate nerve tissue of both the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 10

Meninges

-“PAD”: pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

Question 11

-four cavities within the brain containing CSF

Answer 11

ventricles

Question 12

-part of the brain that controls voluntary movements

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 13

• located within the brain
• controls certain activities of the ANS
• known as the center for homeostasis

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

Meningitis

• definition
• symptoms
• diagnosed

Answer 14

• definition: an acute inflammation of the first two meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord (the pia and arachnoid mater)
• s/s: high fever, chills, severe headache (caused by increased intracranial pressure), stiff neck
• dx: lumbar puncture between L3 and L4