Exam 3: Chapter 11

Question 1

nervous system is…

Answer 1

master controlling and communicating system of body

Question 2

What are the 3 overlapping functions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 3

sensory input

Answer 3

Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

Question 4

integration

Answer 4

Processing and interpretation of sensory input

Question 5

motor output

Answer 5

Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response

Question 6

what is a synapse?

Answer 6

when sensory nerves communicate with each other

Question 7

“fight” or “flight”

Answer 7

driven by the sympathetic nervous system responding to stressful situations

Question 8

“rest and digest”

Answer 8

the parasympathetic nervous system predominates these conditions

Question 9

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 9

brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity; integration and control center

Question 10

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 10

the portion of the nervous system outside C S; consists mainly of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord

Question 11

The two functional divisions of the PNS are….

Answer 11

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 12

Sensory Division

Answer 12

▪ Somatic sensory fibers: convey impulses from skin,
skeletal muscles, and joints to CNS
▪ Visceral sensory fibers: convey impulses from visceral
organs to CNS

Question 13

Motor Division

Answer 13

▪ Transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs
– Muscles and glands
▪ Two divisions
– Somatic nervous system
– Autonomic nervous system

Question 14

somatic nervous system

Answer 14

somatic motor nerve fibers conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle; voluntary nervous system

Question 15

autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

consist of visceral motor nerve fibers; regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; involuntary; 2 subdivisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 16

what are neuroglia?

Answer 16

(glial cells) are small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons (cells that transmit electrical signals)

Question 17

Four main neuroglia that support CNS…

Answer 17

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 18

Astrocytes

Answer 18

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched of glial
cells; cling to neurons, synaptic endings, and capillaries

Question 19

Microglial Cells

Answer 19

Small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch
and monitor neurons; Migrate toward injured neurons; Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and
neuronal debris

Question 20

Ependymal Cells

Answer 20

Range in shape from squamous to columnar; May be ciliated (Cilia beat to circulate CSF); Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column; Form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells

Question 21

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

branched cells; processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

Question 22

Neuroglia found in PNS

Answer 22

satellite cells (similar to astrocytes in CNS); Schwann cells (surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker fibers)

Question 23

Neurons

Answer 23

nerve cells; structural units of the nervous system; large, highly specialized and conduct impulses; all have a cell body

Question 24

satellite cells

Answer 24

surround neuron cell bodies in PNS and function similar to astrocytes of CNS

Question 25

Schwann cells

Answer 25

surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

Question 26

Neuron cell body

Answer 26

also called perikaryon or soma; synthesizes proteins, membranes, chemicals; most are located in CNS

Question 27

dendrites

Answer 27

Motor neurons can contain 100s of these short, tapering, diffusely branched processes