Exam 3: Chemicals

Question 1

Chemical methods are more effective against

Answer 1

Enveloped viruses & vegetative cells of bacteria, fungi, ad Protozoa

Question 2

10 major categories of antimicrobial chemicals

Answer 2

1. Phenol ad phenolics
2. Alcohols
3. Halogens
4. Oxidizing agents
5. Surfactants
6. Heavy metals
7. Aldehydes
8. Gaseous agents
9. Enzymes
10. Antimicrobials

Question 3

Phenols are

Answer 3

Intermediate to low level disinfectants

Lysol, pine-sol

Question 4

Alcohols are________ level disinfectants and include

Answer 4

Intermediate level

Rubbing alcohol and ethanol

Question 5

Halogens are ____ level antimicrobial chemicals and include

Answer 5

Intermediate level

Iodine tablets, chlorine, bleach, bromine, iodophores (betadine)

Question 6

Degerming for surgery is done with

Answer 6

Betadine

Question 7

Oxidizing agents are ______ level disinfectants and antiseptics and include:

Answer 7

High level

Peroxide’s, ozone, and peracetic acid

Question 8

Hydrogen peroxide can

Answer 8

Disinfect and sterilize surfaces

Question 9

Ozone treatment is used on

Answer 9

Drinking water

Question 10

Hydrogen peroxide _____ be used for wound care because

Answer 10

Should NOT; because it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues

Question 11

Hydrogen peroxide should be used for

Answer 11

1. Disinfecting inanimate objects
2. Becoming a “peroxide blonde”
3. Removing blood stains from clothing
4. Combined with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning

Question 12

To clean wounds use:

Answer 12

Normal saline or commercial wound cleansers

Question 13

Normal saline is preferred for wound cleaning because

Answer 13

It is physiologic and always safe. But it does not clean dirty, necrotic wounds well

Question 14

Commercial wound cleansers contain

Answer 14

Surfactant that helps life bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds

Question 15

2 surfactants

Answer 15

Soap and detergents

Question 16

Soaps are good _____ agents but are not ______

Answer 16

Degerming; not antimicrobial. Antimicrobial agents may be added

Question 17

Detergents are synthetic _____ level disinfectants that are ideal for:

Answer 17

Low level; ideal for medial and industrial applications including disinfecting adjusting tables

Question 18

Quats

Answer 18

Quaternary ammonium compounds

A surfactant, Clorox wipes

Question 19

To disinfect adjusting tables

Answer 19

• quats are preferred (Clorox wipes)

- phenol, alcohol, peroxide, and essential oils can be used

Question 20

Disinfecting adjusting tables

Answer 20

1. Excess dirt should be cleaned first
2. Wipe the surface to be disinfected
3. Surface should be visibly wet for 4 minutes
4. Allow surface to air dry

Question 21

Heavy metals are a ____ level bacteriostatic and fungiastic agent

Answer 21

Low level

Question 22

1% silver nitrate is used to prevent

Answer 22

Blindness caused by N. Gonorrhoeae

Replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments

Question 23

Thimerosal is a vaccine preservative that was replaced because of _____ in 1999

Answer 23

Mercury

Question 24

Heavy metals include

Answer 24

Arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper

Question 25

Aldehyde disinfectants

Answer 25

1. Glutaraldehyde sterilizes (used in labs, hospitals, and dental offices) 2. Formalin is formaldehyde and water and is used in embalming and disinfecting rooms and instruments

Question 26

Gaseous agents include

Answer 26

Ethylene oxide used in hospitals and dental offices

Question 27

Disadvantages of gaseous agents

Answer 27

Can be hazardous, highly explosive, poisonous and a carcinogenic

Question 28

Enzymes

Answer 28

Lysozyme used to reduce number of bacteria in cheese Prionzyme: remove prions from medical instruments

Question 29

Antimicrobial are used for

Answer 29

Treatment of disease

Question 30

Soaps containing antimicrobial drugs are more effecting than those without in reducing presence of microbes. The concern is

Answer 30

Over use and the evolution of resistant microbes

Question 31

CDC recommendation for hand washing

Answer 31

Use mild, regular soap in warm water for 10-15 seconds for most cases

Question 32

Antimicrobial soaps should be reserved for

Answer 32

Handling food, care of newborns or high risk patients

Question 33

Tricolsan

Answer 33

Banned by FDA

Question 34

Alternative methods of cleaning

Answer 34

Steam cleaners heat water up to about 248 degrees Fahrenheit and kill 99% of bacteria,viruses, mold, and dust mites