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NURS 425 > Exam 3: Chest Trauma And Thoracic Injuries & Abdominal And GU Trauma > Flashcards

Exam 3: Chest Trauma And Thoracic Injuries & Abdominal And GU Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Injuries: Mechanisms of Injury include

A
  • Blunt thoracic trauma

- Penetrating thoracic injuries

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2
Q

Chest wall injuries include

A
  • Rib fractures
  • Flail chest
  • Ruptured diaphragm
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3
Q

What is flail chest?

A

2-3 or more consecutive ribs on one side; unstable chest wall d/t fractured ribs and paradoxical movements which prevents adequate perfusion of the lungs.

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4
Q

Pulmonary injuries include

A
  • Pulmonary contusion
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Open pneumothorax
  • Hemothorax
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5
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax?

A
  • Occurs when air enters the pleural space but cannot escape.
  • The continued accumulation of air in the pleural space causes increasingly elevated intrapleural pressures.
  • This result in compression of the lung on the affected side and pressure on the heart and Great Vessels, pushing them away from the affected side.
  • The mediastinum shifts to the unaffected side, compressing the “good” lung which further compromises oxygenation.
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6
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural space resulting from injury to the chest wall, diaphragm, lung, blood vessels or mediastinum

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7
Q

Abdominal Injuries: Mechanism of Injury includes

A
  • Blunt trauma

- Penetrating Trauma

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8
Q

Assessment of Abdominal Injuries: Physical Assessment

A
  • Location of entry and exit sites associated with penetrating trauma assessed and documented
  • Cullen’s sign
  • Grey Turner’s sign
  • Distended abdomen
  • Rebound tenderness
  • Kehr’s sign
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9
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

Ecchymosis around umbilicus

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10
Q

Grey Turner’s Sign

A

ecchymosis of flank area; indicates retroperitoneal hemorrhage

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11
Q

Kehr’s Sign

A

pain in the shoulder d/t presence of blood in Peritoneal cavity

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12
Q

Assessment of Abdominal Injuries: Diagnostic Assessment

A
  • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL)
  • Bedside ultrasound
  • Chest x-ray
  • CT scan of abdomen
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13
Q

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

A

Listen to voice over PowerPoint!!

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14
Q

Combined Organ Injuries

A
  • Multivisceral Injuries

- Abdominal compartment sydnrome

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15
Q

Combined Abdominal Organ Injuries: Damage control surgery

A
  • Initial operation
  • Intensive care unit resuscitation
  • Definitive reoperation
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16
Q

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

A

End-organ dysfunction caused by intraabdominal hypertension

17
Q

Specific Organ Injuries: Liver Injuries

A
  • Life-threatening hemorrhaging
  • Hemodynamic instability
  • Coagulopathies, acidosis, and hyperthermia
18
Q

Specific Organ Injuries: Spleen Injuries

A
  • Life-threatening hemorrhaging

- Sepsis

19
Q

Specific Organ Injuries: Intestinal Injuries include

A

Sepsis and abscess or fistula formation

20
Q

Genitourinary Injuries: Mechanism of Injury

A
  • Blunt trauma

- Penetrating trauma

21
Q

Genitourinary Injuries: Assessment will show

A
  • Flank pain or colic pain
  • Bluish discoloration of the flanks
  • Perineal discoloration
  • Urine/hematuria
22
Q

Specific Genitourinary Injuries: Renal Trauma

A
  • Flank ecchymosis
  • Fracture of inferior ribs or spinous processes
  • Gross hematuria
  • CT scan
23
Q

Specific Genitourinary Injuries: Bladder Trauma

A
  • Caused by pelvic fractures
  • Lower abdominal bruising, distention, and pain
  • Difficulty in voiding
  • Retrograde urethrogram
24
Q

Complications of Trauma include

A
  • Hypermetabolism
  • Infection
  • Sepsis
  • Pulmonary: Respiratory Failure And Fat Embolism Syndrome
  • Pain
  • Renal Complications: Renal failure and myoglobinuria
  • Vascular Complications
25
Q

Hypermetabolism: Enteral Feedings

A

Initiate enteral feedings within 72 hours for patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries and those with head injuries

26
Q

Complications of Trauma: Vascular Complications include

A
  • Compartment syndrome
  • Venous thromboembolism
  • Missed injury: Commonly discovered in first 24 to 48 hours after presentation
  • MODS
27
Q

Special Considerations in Trauma Patients: Meeting needs of family members and significant others

A

Crisis situation for family and friends

28
Q

Special Considerations in Trauma Patients: Trauma in older patients

A
  • Risk of falls
  • Risk of motor vehicle collisions
  • Limited physiological reserve
  • Age-related organ changes
29
Q

Listen to power point lecture to comprehend these flash cards

A

Lol:)

NURS 425 (19 decks)

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