exam 3 cognitive test terms 2, 8,12, 13

Question 1

What are the four parts of the limbic system

Answer 1

amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Question 2

four parts of the cerebral cortex

Answer 2

occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal lobe

Question 3

two functions of the neural connections

Answer 3

inhibitory slower rate of firing and excitatory faster rate of firing

Question 4

axon

Answer 4

axon - part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to the synapse at the end of the axon.

Question 5

dendrites

Answer 5

structures that branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neurons.

Question 6

neuron

Answer 6

cell that is specialized to receive and transmit information to the nervous system

Question 7

what are the technical terms for discussing directions

Answer 7

dorsal = up, ventral = down/
superior = up inferior = down,/ anterior = front, and posterior = back,/ lateral = sides, and medial = middle

Question 8

number of neurons and neural connections

Answer 8

50 billion to 100 billion neurons and each one has the potential to connect to 1,000 - 10,0000 neural connections.

Question 9

define the four parts of the limbic system

Answer 9

1 amygdala has to do with unconscious emotions,
2 hippocampus has to do with memory formation and organizing relevant emotions,
3 thalamus your bodies relay info center,
4 hypothalamus regulates, hunger, thirst, sex drive, mood, body temperature, blood pressure and sleep

Question 10

Pariental lobe

Answer 10

has to do with somatosensory input physical touch, attention

Question 11

occipital lobe

Answer 11

has to do with visual processing

Question 12

temporal lobe

Answer 12

has to do with auditory processing, language input and object recognition

Question 13

frontal lobe

Answer 13

higher level of thinking deep thoughts language output decision making motor control

Question 14

List some advantages of schemas

Answer 14

1 quickly identify info, 2 group objects together, 3 helps us understand the world quickly Disadvantages 1 bias and stereotypes 2 miss details, 3 add wrong info at times.

Question 15

what is a script and evidence to support it

Answer 15

a schema for a sequence of events for a particular situation. Evidence for scripts people agree on what is a script, recall things in a specific order, faster reading when script is followed, recall items for a script that were left out from the story

Question 16

Prospective memory

Answer 16

is memory for the future

Question 17

difference between time based and event based reminders

Answer 17

time based you remember to do something by setting a timer, event another event reminds you to do what you need to do

Question 18

what are the two theories for flashbulb memory

Answer 18

Narrative rehearsal you talk about the event regularly, highly emotional theory the event is so surprising and arousing that it is etched into your mind .

Question 19

Bartlett 1932 studies what

Answer 19

tested the idea how constructive memory works, participants could not recall every detail, made some info up to recall gaps in memory,

Question 20

reminiscence bump

Answer 20

the idea that people over 40 remember events better between the years 10-30 peaking at 20 years old, immigration can cause the bump to up in age

Question 21

what are the two types of lineups

Answer 21

sequential people are shown one at a time, and simultaneous people are showed all at once.

Question 22

Sequence lineup is better because

Answer 22

it has a 10 percent chance of misidentifying an innocent person, and simultaneous has a 40 percent chance

Question 23

what do inferences do

Answer 23

they help us store less info and schemas help us reconstruct missing parts. they hurt because we may add info that that did not really happen .

Question 24

what is source memory

Answer 24

when you learn something new how do you remember it and when and where did you learn it from

Question 25

Loftus palmer

Answer 25

Showed participants a picture of a car crashed and ask participants two questions how fast the cars were the cars going when they smashed, or hit into each other. one week later the questions was asked was there broken glass 32 percent answered yes then heard the word smash compared to 14 person who heard hit.

Question 26

misinformation effect

Answer 26

misleading information presented after a person witnesses an event can change how the person describes the event later

Question 27

reasoning and decision making

Answer 27

reasoning making and evaluating arguments. decision making selecting from two or more options

Question 28

Normative approach, norm you believe that people should act a certain way

Answer 28

how people should reason and make decisions logical reasoning logical decision making

Question 29

descriptive approach, describes how people actually are

Answer 29

how people actually reason and make decisions.

Question 30

deductive reasoning

Answer 30

if a then b must be true logical reasoning premises lead to conclusions

Question 31

inductive reasoning

Answer 31

probabilistic reasoning if a then b is probably true evidence suggests the conclusions

Question 32

which two conditional syllogism hold true

Answer 32

affirming the antecedent if p then q then therefore q. denying the consequent if p then q therefore not p

Question 33

which two conditional syllogisms do not hold true

Answer 33

denying the antecedent if p then q therefore not q affirming the consequent if p then q therefore p

Question 34

valid vs invalid

Answer 34

valid argument follows the rules of logic if the premises are true then the conclusion must also be true, invalid deductive arguments do not follow the rules of logic.

Question 35

satisficing

Answer 35

you dont weigh all of your options at once, you, check one item at a time is this good or enough or not then you move one

Question 36

elimination by aspects

Answer 36

eliminate any options that fail on that 1 factor

Question 37

representative heuristic

Answer 37

occurs when we estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to a known situation

Question 38

availability heuristic

Answer 38

estimate frequency of outcome based on how easily you can recall things. It involves relying on information that comes to mind quickly or is most available to us

Question 39

difference between gamblers fallacy and illusory correlation

Answer 39

Gamblers looks at the past to make future decisions, illusory looks at past events and their correlation

Question 40

utility theory

Answer 40

theory that suggests that your decisions are based on subjective needs.

Question 41

permission schema

Answer 41

is a type of schema for enforcing rules if a certain action is to be taken then a certain condition must be met.

Question 42

pragmatic reasoning

Answer 42

we use our schemas instead of logic to understand make inferences of the world and decisions

Question 43

Describe Duncker's radiation problem

Answer 43

problem involves finding ways to destroy the tumor without damaging the other organs in the body.

Question 44

what are the two methods for problem-solving

Answer 44

Gestalt and Information processing

Question 45

fucntional fixedness

Answer 45

an effect that occurs when the ideas a person has about an object's function inhibit the person's ability to use the object for a different function

Question 46

information processing approach to problem solving

Answer 46

he mind is described as a processing system which deals with info through a sequence of states input encode and output

Question 47

means -ends analysis

Answer 47

process of working towards goals using subgoals to solve problems

Question 48

operators

Answer 48

conditions that must be met or permissible moves in order to solve the problem

Question 49

problem space

Answer 49

the whole range of possible states and operators, only some will lead to the goal state.

Question 50

gestalt approach

Answer 50

how do people represent a problem in their mind 2 how solving a problem involves a reorganization or restructuring of this representation.

Question 51

representation

Answer 51

solving a problems depends on how it is is represented in the mind. which in turns affects our ability to solve it.

Question 52

mental set

Answer 52

frame of mind for approaching a problem fixation

Question 53

think-aloud protocol

Answer 53

while solving a problem people regularly report what they are thinking