Exam 3 COMD 282

Question 1

Electromagnetic articulography

Answer 1

measures movement of tongue lips jaw and velum

Question 2

stuttering articulation

Answer 2

longer voice onset times, larger jaw, lip and tongue movements

Question 3

stuttering resonance

Answer 3

not significant

Question 4

dysarthria CP and PD- articulation

Answer 4

errors including tone weakness and coordination

Question 5

dysarthria CP and PD resonance

Answer 5

hypernasality

Question 6

dysarthria ALS resonance

Answer 6

hyper nasality

Question 7

dysarthria ALS articulation

Answer 7

imprecise articulation

Question 8

cleft palate- articulation

Answer 8

fronting of velar production, sometimes posterior

Question 9

velocardiofacial syndrome- resonance

Answer 9

hypernasality

Question 10

velocardiofacial articulation

Answer 10

severe to normal

Question 11

hearing impairment articulation

Answer 11

vowel neutralization, consonant errors

Question 12

what is the source-filter theory

Answer 12

Source–> The basic source of power for speech is the respiratory system pushing air out of the lungs.
Filter–> The larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, and oral cavity (= supralaryngeal vocal tract)

Question 13

what is coarticulation

Answer 13

Movements related to sequentially occurring sounds overlap and interact.

Features of adjacent sounds (tongue advancement, etc) affect the production of their “neighbors”

Question 14

what is the difference between apraxia and dysarthria

Answer 14

Apraxia: motor planning disorder which the brain can’t coordinate speech movements

dysarthria: motor speech disorder caused by weak muscles which affects phonation

Question 15

articulatory characteristics of cleft palate

Answer 15

glottal stops _vf don’t get pushed together

nasal fricatives; talking through nose bc air way is abnormal

Question 16

which types of consonants are the most difficult to pronounce with cleft palate

Answer 16

dentals, labials, and palatals

Question 17

four valves of vocal tract

Answer 17

labial valve, lingual valve, velopharyngeal valve, and laryngeal valve

Question 18

what is the overlapping effect of one articulatory movement on another

Answer 18

coarticulation

Question 19

how are /m/ and /b/ sounds different

Answer 19

/m/ - open velum
/b/ - closed velum

Question 20

articulation of stuttering

Answer 20

• longer vocal durations
• larger jaw, lip and tongue movements

Question 21

what are the factors that may affect a speaker’s intelligibility

Answer 21

rate, voice, and precise articulation

Question 22

what are the ways we categorize consonants

Answer 22

place, manner, and voicing

Question 23

how do coarticulation and segmental features contribute to spoken language

Answer 23

connected speech is smooth, and able to produce clear segments of speech

Question 24

what is velopharyngeal speech

Answer 24

disorder, excessive resonance in speech disfunction

Question 25

what is another name for velopharyngeal inadequacy

Answer 25

velopharyngeal dysfunction

Question 26

what are the four important features of the vocal tract resonator

Answer 26

pharynx, nasal cav., oral cav., and epilaryx

Question 27

explain the difference between hyper nasality and hypo nasality.

Answer 27

hyper- occurs when too much sound resonates in nasal cav during speech hypo- reduced nasal resonance with blockage or obstruction hyper example- found in different consonants hypo example- talking with stuffy nose

Question 28

explain f1 and f2 plots

Answer 28

F1 on the horizontal axis cor-responding to tongue height F2 on the vertical axis relating to tongue advancement. which means that the higher the vowel (like /i/ and /u/) the lower the F1 value. For F2, the typical pattern is that front vowels (like /i/ and /ae/) have higher values than back vowels.

Question 29

what is the difference between resonance and articulation

Answer 29

resonance- throat, mouth, nasal passage articulation- sound changed by tongue, soft palate, and lips

Question 30

ultrasound

Answer 30

non invasive provides image of structures

Question 31

Electropalatography

Answer 31

visual feedback of position of tonguge, real time information

Question 32

glossometry

Answer 32

calc the distance between tongue and sensors every 10ms

Question 33

optopalatography

Answer 33

updated form of glossometry measures light reflected from tongue, pressure and location of contact

Question 34

cleft palate resonance

Answer 34

hyper nasality

Question 35

hearing impairment resonance

Answer 35

hypernasality