Exam 3 Content

Question 1

What are the 3 main characteristics of globalization

Answer 1

international connections, neoliberalism, modernization

Question 2

What is the difference between globalization and globalism?

Answer 2

globalization is a set of “social processes of intensifying global interdependence” and globalism is “an ideology that endows the concept of globalization with neoliberal values

Question 3

What are the 5 main claims about globalization?

Answer 3

• liberalization + integration of markets = globalization
• globalization can’t be stopped
• globalization has no leader
• globalization benefits everyone
• globalization encourages democratization

Question 4

explain liberalization + integration of markets = globalization

Answer 4

global/regional architectures for markets and less govt interference leads to freeing up the market. rising number of global brands, deeper specialization of labor, increasing connectivity, more intl labor migrations, global supply chains

Question 5

explain why globalization can’t be stopped

Answer 5

just because some countries aren’t as “on board” with globalization doesn’t meet it doesn’t happen- it effects everyone. once you embrace liberalization of markets it can’t be stopped

Question 6

explain why globalization has no leader

Answer 6

“invisible hand” - guided by supply and demand in response to practical needs- if you support the idea of integrating your market economy you’re just responding to supply and demand

Question 7

explain why globalization benefits everyone

Answer 7

idea is that eventually everyone is going to benefit. while less people globally are living in extreme poverty, gains are regional not global

Question 8

What are requirements for a liberal democracy?

Answer 8

• government officials elected in free, fair, and competitive elections
• meaningful alternative sources of information
• associational autonomy
• inclusive citizenship

Question 9

What are benefits of a liberal democracy?

Answer 9

• avoids tyranny
• guarantees essential rights
• promotes general freedoms
• promotes human development
• generates political equality
• enables peace-seeking
• promotes prosperity

Question 10

Characteristics of an illiberal democracy?

Answer 10

• many have elections, but not free and fair
• may protect a few civil rights, but not all
• have an unstable or inconsistent rule of law
• undermines democracy and it’s potential
• susceptible to autocratic tendencies
• have corruption problems
• are quite common

Question 11

What are the origins of Human rights?

Answer 11

John Locke (1689), Declaration of independence (1776), Universal Declaration on the Rights of Man (1789), Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)

Question 12

What are key ideas in Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer 12

enlightenment ideals, right to self-determination/non-interference, individual vs collective rights

Question 13

What is included in individual vs collective rights?

Answer 13

civil rights and political rights
social and economic rights

Question 14

What are some conferences on human rights?

Answer 14

• Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam (1990)
• Vienna Declaration (1993). (said women’s rights must be inalienable)
• Beijing Conference on Women (1995)

Question 15

What is the relationship between human rights and illiberal democracies?

Answer 15

human rights are central to our collective notion of a just society, ability of a democracy as a form of political organization to support human rights is key, relationship between strength/power of a state and its ability to enforce/protect human rights

Question 16

What is communitas?

Answer 16

a robust community spirit, and intense feeling of social cohesion, solidarity, and togetherness during a period or event when a community or group of people feel threatened/marginalized

Question 17

What is neo-fundamentalism?

Answer 17

a set of contentious global movements that refers to groups of individuals or different communities of faith who are attempting to affirm the features of a shared cultural identity by reasserting religion in a “traditional” form

Question 18

What are characteristics of neo-fundamentalism?

Answer 18

• the failed promise of the future
• sense of embattled spirituality
• conflict with secularism
• avoid cultural contamination
• paradoxical adaptation to modernity

Question 19

What is the “clash of civilizations”

Answer 19

• global politics is multi-polar and multi-civilizational
• universalist pretensions are brining Western civilization into conflict with other civilizations
• influence of the west will have to accommodate non-western critiques

Question 20

What are critiques of the “clash of civilizations”

Answer 20

religion and religious experiences are not the same in different parts of the world, so you can’t necessarily lump them together

Question 21

What is globalization phase 1?

Answer 21

• prior to 1939
• SE Europe to USA
• N Europe to colonies
• Asian contract labor to Pac rim nations

Question 22

What is globalization phase 2?

Answer 22

• 1939 to 1972
• displaced people and political refugees
• things that are pushing people to leave become more important in this phase- people are returning to Europe, but also people in colonized country are moving to colonizing country

Question 23

What is globalization phase 3?

Answer 23

• 1972 to present
• global south to developed world

Question 24

Who migrates today?

Answer 24

• agricultural laborers
• low-skill service jobs
• university students
• white collar professionals
• refugees

Question 25

Why do people migrate?

Answer 25

economic factors, environmental disasters, political factors

Question 26

What are challenges for immigrants?

Answer 26

debates over citizenship rights, challenge of maintaining close links with home country and family, tension between multiculturalism and national identity in different host countries, xenophobic sentiments

Question 27

What are forced migrations?

Answer 27

migrations because of forced resettlement, environmental disaster, and military conflicts (have always happened, # is rising though)

Question 28

What is the role of international agencies and refugee policies?

Answer 28

UN high commissioner of refugees and NGO's (UNHCR), policies promoting voluntary repatriation, policies promoting integration in new country, resettlement in a 3rd country

Question 29

Where can refugees go?

Answer 29

can be internally displaced, can go to a neighboring country, refugee camps (long-term)

Question 30

What was my original definition of globalization?

Answer 30

The rapid spreading of economics, culture, technology, and more across the world and the interconnectedness that occurs as a result of that

Question 31

What would I change about my definition of globalization?

Answer 31

My original definition still holds true, but only on a surface level. Now I'd include something about how it doesn't always go smoothly, the inequalities it can cause, and the people it's affecting

Question 32

What is the crisis of modernity?

Answer 32

The idea that there's no longer technical and political solutions to our problems in the future contributes to a sense of pessimism about the present.

Question 33

What are moral quandaries and the dilemma of cosmopolitanism?

Answer 33

cosmopolitanism means you can be both hyperglobalist and global skeptic simultaneously

Question 34

What are moral quandaries and the dilemma of neo-fundamentalism?

Answer 34

the idea that you can generalize large parts of the world and suggest that conflict is inevitable sets you up for conflict

Question 35

What are moral quandaries and the dilemma of cultural contamination?

Answer 35

encounters can happen and even though they can be negative they can also be productive

Question 36

What are moral quandaries and the dilemma of cultural hybridity

Answer 36

connection doesn't have to mean there's a winner and a loser, there can be a fusion.