Exam 3 Drugs Flashcards
(22 cards)
Loop diuretic furosemide
High ceiling
Decreased reabsorbtion of NA/Cl and water leaves too
Greatest risk of regurgitation in ruminant and camelid is in
Dorsal recumbent
Best to do lateral position and elevate neck
Distension of the rumen is ruminant tymapany which is fixed in sternal position
In camelids is the jugular vein blood darker than the artery?
Not in camelids its all the same
Positive ionotropy and negative chronograph drug
Will increase contractility and decrease the heart rate like digoxin
Also Pimobendan
Digoxin is mainly used for
Dogs and horses
-will build up in cats and cattle
-careful with kidney disease - need to modify dose
Very lipophilic so wont go into fluid
monitor potassium
Digoxin toxicity with hypokalemia/hyperkalemia
PDE inhibitors
Slidenefil =viagra = vasodilator
Pimobendan = positive ionotrope and vasodilator
Pimobendan: dog»cats effiectiveness
Vasopressors are
Emergency treatment for hypotension and cardiopulmonary shock
Epinephrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Vasopressin
Problem with using Epineperine chronically
It can decrease the cardiac efficiency and cause ventricular arrhythmia
Dopamine doses
Low dose: treat Renal disease
Medium dose: positive inotrope
High dose: vasoconstriction in kidney —> worsen renal disease
If there is refractory Congestive heart failure and now there is anesthesia what drug to use?
Want positive inotrope but the HR stays the same
Dobutamine = very specific for Beta 1
— cant use chronically
Antidiuretic hormone that is also a vasopressor
Vasopressin - increase renal reabsortion to increase BP
Vughan Williams Classification of the Antiarrythmia drug
Some = Sodium channel blocker
Big = beta blockers
Penises =Potassium channel blockers
Can’t = Calcium channel blockers
Orgasm = Other
How to treat atrial fibrillation in horses
Class 1a Sodium channel blocker
—Quinidine
Adverse : supraventricular tachycardia
Treat with digoxin and monitor bc this doubles digoxin serum concentration
What is used for ventricular arrhythmias caused by digoxin toxicity
—given as a bolus
Lidocaine = cLASS 1B
Give IV bolus - high first pass metabolism so NOT oral
Careful in horses and cats
Adverse = CNS,muscle,vomiting
Riskiest Class 1 drug so not used
Flecanide = Class 1c
Drugs that reduce the sympathetic stimulation so cause less contractility and lower HR?
Beta -blockers for chronic hypertension and hyperthyroidism and decrease aqueous production for glaucoma and sinus tachycardia
Also ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmia
Beta blockers adverse reaction
They treat 1* and 2* hypertension and arrhythmias and tachycardia
Can adversely cause Bradyarrythmia and hypotension
Sotalol= Class 2 and Class 3
Amiodarone= Class 1, 2, 3, 4
Sotalol= Class 2 and Class 3
—SO The LOL and VENTricular arrythmia
Amiodarone= Class 1, 2, 3, 4
—long half-life and adverse reactions in liver
Amlodipine
Is a vasopressor and a calcium channel blocker
- mainly used for hypertension in cats but is also a Class 4
that causes negative inotropy and increase myocardial relaxation and lower HR
Treat A fib in dogs and cats NOT ventricular arrythmia
ONLY treat SVT
GI SIDE EFFECTS IN CATS
Treat bradyarrythmia
Atropine and glycopyrollate that block parasympathetic vagal tone
May decrease Oxygen delivery because the HR goes up
Ideally pacemaker bc chronically cause decreased urination and salivation
Atrial fibrillation treatment with DCM so treat with
Digoxin = slow AV node conduction and increase contractility
Digoxin blocks Sodium potassium ATPase —> traps the Sodium within cell —> exchange Sodium with calcium with a exchange channel—> calcium into cell—> stronger contraction
DOBUTAMINE is another that is a positive ionotrope but it wont affect HR
Treat :
RV tachycardia - ventricular tachycardia
Rapid supraventricular tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
V tach= lidocaine IV (only for VT)
=procainamide, amiodarone, esmolol [beta block]
Rapid supraventricular tachycardia
Chronic =procainamide, amiodarone, esmolol [beta block]
Atrial fibrillation
Small animal RATE CONTROL=Digoxin and diltiazem
Horse RYTHMN CONTROL = quinidine and cardioversion/shock
