Exam 3 Drugs!

Question 1

what are the narrow spectrum anti-epileptics?

Answer 1

phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, gabapentin, tiagabine

Question 2

what are the narrow spectrum AEDs used for?

Answer 2

partial (focal) seizures - including those that generalize

Question 3

what are the broad spectrum AEDs?

Answer 3

topiramate, valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, clonazepam

Question 4

what are broad spectrum AEDs used for?

Answer 4

partial or generalized seizures

Question 5

what drug is ONLY used for status epilepticus?

Answer 5

lorazepam

Question 6

what drug is ONLY used for absence seizures?

Answer 6

ethosuximide

Question 7

what other AEDs interact with valproate?

Answer 7

phenobarbital, lamotrigine, clonazepam

Question 8

what drugs would you use for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures?

Answer 8

carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital (less used), valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam

Question 9

what drugs would you use for absence seizures?

Answer 9

ethosuximide, valproate, clonazepam (less used), lamotrigine

Question 10

what drugs would you use for myoclonic/atonic seizures?

Answer 10

valproate, clonazepam (less used), levetiracectam

off label: lamotrigine, topiramate

Question 11

what AEDs act by blocking Na channels?

Answer 11

phenytoin, carbamazepine, gabapentin possibly, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate

Question 12

what AEDs act by blocking Ca channels?

Answer 12

ethosuximide, valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

Question 13

what AEDs act by enhancing GABA channels?

Answer 13

clonazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital, topiramate

Question 14

which AEDs are primarily excreted via renals?

Answer 14

gabapentin, topiramate, levetiracetam

Question 15

what’s important about the PK of phenytoin?

Answer 15

non-linear kinetics!

increasing the dose will result in a greater than proportional increase in plasma concentration

Question 16

what AED interacts with carbamazepine?

Answer 16

phenytoin

Question 17

which AEDs can cause hypersensitivity/SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis?

Answer 17

phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, valproate, lamotrigine

Question 18

what AEDs can cause cognitive slowing?

Answer 18

topiramate, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate

Question 19

which AEDs can cause sedation?

Answer 19

phenobarbital, clonazepam, gabapentin, lamotrigine

Question 20

which AEDs can cause increased seizure activity?

Answer 20

tiagabine, carbamazepine, gabapentin

Question 21

which AEDs should not be used during pregnancy?

Answer 21

valproate, phenobarbital